{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T15:57:50Z","timestamp":1782316670376,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004054","name":"King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG-48-135-42"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG-48-135-42"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The concept of nanosatellite technology becomes a viable platform for earth and space observation research to minimize cost and build time for the payload. The communication approach is the essential fundamental attribute of a satellite, of which the antenna is a crucial component for forming a communication link between the nanosatellite and the earth. The nanosatellite antenna must comply with some special requirements like compact size, lightweight, and high gain with a space-compatible structure. This paper proposes a compact metamaterial-based Ku-band antenna with circular polarization for the nanosatellite communication system. The designed antenna obtained an impedance bandwidth of 2.275 GHz with a realized gain of 6.74 dBi and 3 dB axial beamwidth of 165\u00b0 at 12.10 GHz. The overall antenna size of the designed is 0.51\u03bb \u00d7 0.51\u03bb \u00d7 0.17\u03bb, which is fabricated on Rogers 5880 substrate material. The antenna results performance has been examined with a 1 U nanosatellite structure and found suitable to integrate with metallic and nonmetallic surfaces of any miniature nanosatellite structure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13020228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T05:31:44Z","timestamp":1672810304000},"page":"228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Metamaterial Based Ku-Band Antenna for Low Earth Orbit Nanosatellite Payload System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8856-1213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Touhidul","family":"Alam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pusat Sains Ankasa (ANGKASA), Institut Perubahan Iklim, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC), Kumira, Chattogram 4318, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4929-3209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Tariqul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Advanced Electronic and Communication Engineering, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6620-8486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Lutful","family":"Hakim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pusat Sains Ankasa (ANGKASA), Institut Perubahan Iklim, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid H.","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box. 80200, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandeep Singh Jit","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Advanced Electronic and Communication Engineering, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1937-2926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muntasir M.","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box. 80200, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3087-131X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rabah W.","family":"Aldhaheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box. 80200, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Shabiul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering (FOE), Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, Cyberjaya 63100, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9431-4195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed S.","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4940656","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4940656","article-title":"A Review of Antennas for Picosatellite Applications","volume":"2017","author":"Lokman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2017.2655582","article-title":"For Satellites, Think Small, Dream Big: A review of recent antenna developments for CubeSats","volume":"59","author":"Manohar","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Martinez, A. (2021, January 29). NASA AES SmallSat Missions. 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