{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:16:20Z","timestamp":1791918980614,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,5]],"date-time":"2023-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Researchers Supporting Project","award":["RSP2023R161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2023R161"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, the extract of cinnamon bark was used for the green synthesis of cinnamon-Ag nanoparticles (CNPs) and other cinnamon samples, including ethanolic (EE) and aqueous (CE) extracts, chloroform (CF), ethyl acetate (EF), and methanol (MF) fractions. The polyphenol (PC) and flavonoid (FC) contents in all the cinnamon samples were determined. The synthesized CNPs were tested for the antioxidant activity (as DPPH radical scavenging percentage) in Bj-1 normal cells and HepG-2 cancer cells. Several antioxidant enzymes, including biomarkers, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and reduced glutathione (GSH), were verified for their effects on the viability and cytotoxicity of normal and cancer cells. The anti-cancer activity depended on apoptosis marker protein levels (Caspase3, P53, Bax, and Pcl2) in normal and cancerous cells. The obtained data showed higher PC and FC contents in CE samples, while CF showed the lowest levels. The IC50 values of all investigated samples were higher, while their antioxidant activities were lower than those of vitamin C (5.4 g\/mL). The CNPs showed lower IC50 value (55.6 \u00b5g\/mL), whereas the antioxidant activity inside or outside the Bj-1 or HepG-2 was found to be higher compared with other samples. All samples execrated a dose-dependent cytotoxicity by decreasing the cells\u2019 viability percent of Bj-1 and HepG-2. Similarly, the anti-proliferative potency of CNPs on Bj-1 or HepG-2 at different concentrations was more effective than that of other samples. Higher concentrations of the CNPs (16 g\/mL) showed greater cell death in Bj-1 (25.68%) and HepG-2 (29.49%), indicating powerful anti-cancer properties of the nanomaterials. After 48 h of CNPs treatment, both Bj-1 and HepG-2 showed significant increases in biomarker enzyme activities and reduced glutathione compared with other treated samples or untreated controls (p &lt; 0.05). The anti-cancer biomarker activities of Caspas-3, P53, Bax, and Bcl-2 levels were significantly changed in Bj-1 or HepG-2 cells. The cinnamon samples were significantly increased in Caspase-3, Bax, and P53, while there were decreased Bcl-2 levels compared with control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13050945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T06:29:06Z","timestamp":1678084146000},"page":"945","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["An Analysis of the Toxicity, Antioxidant, and Anti-Cancer Activity of Cinnamon Silver Nanoparticles in Comparison with Extracts and Fractions of Cinnamomum Cassia at Normal and Cancer Cell Levels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Y. G.","family":"El-Baz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Moustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1717-8265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. A.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. E.","family":"El-Desoky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3858-5556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. M.","family":"Wabaidur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. M.","family":"Faisal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Materials Physics, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.3923\/jbs.2010.465.467","article-title":"Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts","volume":"10","author":"Gilaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"One-pot green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Scoparia Dulcis plant extract for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities","volume":"2022","author":"Sivasankarapillai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Nanosci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharmila, M., Mani, R.J., Parvathiraja, C., Kader, S.M.A., Siddiqui, M.R., Wabaidur, S.M., Islam, M.A., and Lai, W.C. (2022). 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