{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:02:48Z","timestamp":1760148168004,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Soluzioni Innovative per Mezzi navali ad Alto Risparmio Energetico\u201d PO FESR 201412020","award":["08ME7219090182","CUP G48I18001090007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["08ME7219090182","CUP G48I18001090007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The reaction of octakis(3-chloropropyl)octasilsesquioxane with four equivalents of 1-hexylimidazole or 1-decylimidazole gave two products labelled as HQ-POSS (hexyl-imidazolium quaternized POSS) and DQ-POSS (decyl-imidazolium quaternized POSS) as regioisomer mixtures. An investigation of the biological activity of these two compounds revealed the higher antimicrobial performances of HQ-POSS against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms, proving its broad-spectrum activity. Due to its very viscous nature, HQ-POSS was adsorbed in variable amounts on the surface of biologically active oxides to gain advantages regarding the expendability of such formulations from an applicative perspective. Titania and 5 wt% Cu on titania were used as supports. The materials 10HQ-POSS\/Ti and 15HQ-POSS\/5CuTi strongly inhibited the ability of Pseudomonas PS27 cells\u2014a bacterial strain described for its ability to handle very toxic organic solvents and perfluorinated compounds\u2014to grow as planktonic cells. Moreover, the best formulations (i.e., 10HQ-POSS\/Ti and 15HQ-POSS\/5CuTi) could prevent Pseudomonas PS27 biofilm formation at a certain concentration (250 \u03bcg mL\u22121) which greatly impaired bacterial planktonic growth. Specifically, 15HQ-POSS\/5CuTi completely impaired cell adhesion, thus successfully prejudicing biofilm formation and proving its suitability as a potential antifouling agent. Considering that most studies deal with quaternary ammonium salts (QASs) with long alkyl chains (&gt;10 carbon atoms), the results reported here on hexylimidazolium-based POSS further deepen the knowledge of QAS formulations which can be used as antifouling compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13071291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T05:54:39Z","timestamp":1680760479000},"page":"1291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Antifouling Systems Based on a Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane-Based Hexyl Imidazolium Salt Adsorbed on Copper Nanoparticles Supported on Titania"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4794-0599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Presentato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Viale Delle Scienze, Edificio 17, I-90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2194-0881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"La Greca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN)-CNR, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, I-90146 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5915-1693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Consentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Viale Delle Scienze, Edificio 17, I-90128 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN)-CNR, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, I-90146 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1054-6915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"Alduina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Viale Delle Scienze, Edificio 17, I-90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5442-2469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonarda Francesca","family":"Liotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN)-CNR, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, I-90146 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6952-0712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelangelo","family":"Gruttadauria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Viale Delle Scienze, Edificio 17, I-90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.12.001","article-title":"Antifouling Processes and Toxicity Effects of Antifouling Paints on Marine Environment. 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