{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T23:02:13Z","timestamp":1791932533439,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]],"date-time":"2023-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tianjin Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["22JCQNJC00290"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22JCQNJC00290"]}]},{"name":"Tianjin Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["TKS20220306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKS20220306"]}]},{"name":"Research and Innovation Fund of the Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, M.O.T.","award":["22JCQNJC00290"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22JCQNJC00290"]}]},{"name":"Research and Innovation Fund of the Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, M.O.T.","award":["TKS20220306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKS20220306"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Plasma nanoparticles offer promise in data storage, biosensing, optical imaging, photoelectric integration, etc. This review highlights the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) excitation mechanism of plasmonic nanoprobes and its critical significance in the control of dark-field sensing, as well as three main sensing strategies based on plasmonic nanomaterial dielectric environment modification, electromagnetic coupling, and charge transfer. This review then describes the component materials of plasmonic nanoprobes based on gold, silver, and other noble metals, as well as their applications. According to this summary, researchers raised the LSPR performance of composite plasmonic nanomaterials by combining noble metals with other metals or oxides and using them in process analysis and quantitative detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13132027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:45:37Z","timestamp":1688949937000},"page":"2027","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Plasmonic Nanomaterials in Dark Field Sensing Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0911-8174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Research Institute of Water Transport Engineering, M.O.T., Tianjin 300456, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Port Hydraulic Construction Technology, Tianjin 300456, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingyu","family":"Zi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Microelectronics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Tianjin 300350, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5581-3605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinqiang","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Research Institute of Water Transport Engineering, M.O.T., Tianjin 300456, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Port Hydraulic Construction Technology, Tianjin 300456, China"},{"name":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300192, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guohua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Microelectronics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Tianjin 300350, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongen","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Microelectronics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Tianjin 300350, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7212-7795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kexin","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Research Institute of Water Transport Engineering, M.O.T., Tianjin 300456, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Port Hydraulic Construction Technology, Tianjin 300456, China"},{"name":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300192, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Research Institute of Water Transport Engineering, M.O.T., Tianjin 300456, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Port Hydraulic Construction Technology, Tianjin 300456, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Research Institute of Water Transport Engineering, M.O.T., Tianjin 300456, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Port Hydraulic Construction Technology, Tianjin 300456, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2015.02.007","article-title":"Strategies for enhancing the sensitivity of plasmonic nanosensors","volume":"10","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13342","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00422","article-title":"Gold Nanorods: The Most Versatile Plasmonic Nanoparticles","volume":"121","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12208","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.9b00234","article-title":"Multicomponent Plasmonic Nanoparticles: From Heterostructured Nanoparticles to Colloidal Composite Nanostructures","volume":"119","author":"Ha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4707","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c04390","article-title":"Dark-Field Microscopy: Recent Advances in Accurate Analysis and Emerging Applications","volume":"93","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13440","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c02434","article-title":"Plasmonic Hot-Electron-Painted Au@Pt Nanoparticles as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Detection of H2O2","volume":"94","author":"Xia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600148","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.201600148","article-title":"Plasmonic hot electron tunneling photodetection in vertical Au-graphene hybrid nanostructures","volume":"11","author":"Du","year":"2017","journal-title":"Laser Photonics Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16325","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.2c03354","article-title":"Plasmon-Tunable Ag@Au Bimetallic Core\u2013Shell Nanostructures to Enhance the Electrochemiluminescence of Quantum Dots for MicroRNA Sensing","volume":"5","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6633","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.8b03342","article-title":"Conformational Dynamics of a Single Protein Monitored for 24 h at Video Rate","volume":"18","author":"Ye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10133","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.8b01863","article-title":"Narrowing the Plasmonic Sensitivity Distribution by Considering the Individual Size of Gold Nanorods","volume":"122","author":"Henkel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2020.120967","article-title":"Resonance light scattering technique for sensitive detection of heparin using plasmonic Cu2\u2212xSe nanoparticles","volume":"216","author":"Gong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0034-1","article-title":"Amino-acid- and peptide-directed synthesis of chiral plasmonic gold nanoparticles","volume":"556","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2018.04.009","article-title":"Plasmonic Sensing and Control of Single-Nanoparticle Electrochemistry","volume":"4","author":"Hoener","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2016.02.015","article-title":"Colorimetric detection based on localised surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles: Merits, inherent shortcomings and future prospects","volume":"152","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1119\/1.19136","article-title":"Classical Electrodynamics","volume":"67","author":"Jackson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Maier, S. (2014). Plasmonics Fundamentals and Applications, Southeast University Press."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9711","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.7b01567","article-title":"SERS Quantification and Characterization of Proteins and Other Biomolecules","volume":"33","author":"Feliu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2018.03.005","article-title":"Recent developments in quantitative SERS: Moving towards absolute quantification","volume":"102","author":"Goodacre","year":"2018","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145501","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/21\/14\/145501","article-title":"Picomolar selective detection of mercuric ion (Hg(2+)) using a functionalized single plasmonic gold nanoparticle","volume":"21","author":"Song","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.128548","article-title":"Ultrasensitive detection of lead (II) ion by dark-field spectroscopy and glutathione modified gold nanoparticles","volume":"321","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s11468-011-9206-7","article-title":"Refractive Index Sensitivity Analysis of Ag, Au, and Cu Nanoparticles","volume":"6","author":"Verma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plasmonics"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.129103","article-title":"An in-situ plasmonic spectroscopy based biosensor for detection of copper (II) ions highlighting analytical specifications","volume":"329","author":"Dou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5b03653","article-title":"Single Gold Nanoparticle-Based Colorimetric Detection of Picomolar Mercury Ion with Dark-Field Microscopy","volume":"88","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.9b00787","article-title":"Activated Plasmonic Nanoaggregates for Dark-Field in Situ Imaging for HER2 Protein Imaging on Cell Surfaces","volume":"31","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioconjugate Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.128347","article-title":"Localized surface plasmon resonance coupled single-particle galactose assay with dark-field optical microscopy","volume":"320","author":"Qi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2008.246","article-title":"Direct observation of chemical reactions on single gold nanocrystals using surface plasmon spectroscopy","volume":"3","author":"Novo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s11468-005-9005-0","article-title":"Drastic Surface Plasmon Mode Shifts in Gold Nanorods Due to Electron Charging","volume":"1","author":"Mulvaney","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plasmonics"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2021.120090","article-title":"Microscopic electron counting during plasmon-driven photocatalytic proton coupled electron transfer on a single silver nanoparticle","volume":"291","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19220","DOI":"10.1021\/jp062536y","article-title":"Gold and Silver Nanoparticles in Sensing and Imaging\u2009 Sensitivity of Plasmon Response to Size, Shape, and Metal Composition","volume":"110","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.128584","article-title":"Real-time monitoring of distinct binding kinetics of hot-spot mutant p53 protein in human cancer cells using an individual nanorod-based plasmonic biosensor","volume":"322","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3550","DOI":"10.1039\/C8LC00605A","article-title":"An integrated adipose-tissue-on-chip nanoplasmonic biosensing platform for investigating obesity-associated inflammation","volume":"18","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113942","article-title":"Plasmonic biosensor for the highly sensitive detection of microRNA-21 via the chemical etching of gold nanorods under a dark-field microscope","volume":"201","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17901","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.8b07759","article-title":"Plasmonic Nanosensors Reveal a Height Dependence of MinDE Protein Oscillations on Membrane Features","volume":"140","author":"Ye","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3968","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c03479","article-title":"Two-Dimensional Analysis Method for Highly Sensitive Detection of Dual MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer Cells","volume":"95","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2017.09.052","article-title":"Scattering measurement of single particle for highly sensitive homogeneous detection of DNA in serum","volume":"178","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3543","DOI":"10.1039\/D1AN00489A","article-title":"Enhanced detection sensitivity of the chemisorption of pyridine and biotinylated proteins at localized surface plasmon resonance inflection points in single gold nanorods","volume":"146","author":"Ryu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11767","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CP00996B","article-title":"Single-particle study: Effects of oxygen plasma treatment on structural and spectral changes of anisotropic gold nanorods","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15798","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b04093","article-title":"Gold Triangular Nanoplates Based Single-Particle Dark-Field Microscopy Assay of Pyrophosphate","volume":"91","author":"Gu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13359","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CC07424K","article-title":"The localized surface plasmon resonance induced edge effect of gold regular hexagonal nanoplates for reaction progress monitoring","volume":"54","author":"Gu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13958","DOI":"10.1021\/jp804088z","article-title":"Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy of Triangular Aluminum Nanoparticles.pdf","volume":"112","author":"Chan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4499","DOI":"10.1021\/nl5014986","article-title":"Plasmonic metasurfaces for coloration of plastic consumer products","volume":"14","author":"Clausen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7262","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.7b01882","article-title":"In Situ Detection and Imaging of Telomerase Activity in Cancer Cell Lines via Disassembly of Plasmonic Core-Satellites Nanostructured Probe","volume":"89","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5577","DOI":"10.1021\/jp510985n","article-title":"Plasmonic Core\u2013Satellite Assemblies as Highly Sensitive Refractive Index Sensors","volume":"119","author":"Prasad","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112612","article-title":"Single particle detection of protein molecules using dark-field microscopy to avoid signals from nonspecific adsorption","volume":"169","author":"Markhali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.0c00264","article-title":"Single-Particle Assay of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 Activity with Dark-Field Optical Microscopy","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2022.114074","article-title":"In-situ and ultrasensitive detection of mercury (II) ions (Hg2+) using the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) nanosensor and the microfluidic chip","volume":"349","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5845","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-019-01966-0","article-title":"Intracellular dark-field imaging of ATP and photothermal therapy using a colorimetric assay based on gold nanoparticle aggregation via tetrazine\/trans-cyclooctene cycloaddition","volume":"411","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4593","DOI":"10.1039\/C6NR09452J","article-title":"Color resolution improvement of the dark-field microscopy imaging of single light scattering plasmonic nanoprobes for microRNA visual detection","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.1c04049","article-title":"Telomerase Activity Assay via 3,3\u2032,5,5\u2032-Tetramethylbenzidine Dilation Etching of Gold Nanorods","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2014.03.059","article-title":"A regeneratable, label-free, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) aptasensor for the detection of ochratoxin A","volume":"59","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2100812","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.202100812","article-title":"Caging Cationic Polymer Brush-Coated Plasmonic Nanostructures for Traceable Selective Antimicrobial Activities","volume":"43","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Macromol. Rapid Commun."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4964","DOI":"10.1039\/C4AN00810C","article-title":"Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensing using gold nanotriangles: Detection of DNA hybridization events at room temperature","volume":"139","author":"Soares","year":"2014","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8567","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b01689","article-title":"Gold NanoBipyramids Performing as Highly Sensitive Dual-Modal Optical Immunosensors","volume":"90","author":"Campu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2018.06.066","article-title":"A rapid readout for many single plasmonic nanoparticles using dark-field microscopy and digital color analysis","volume":"117","author":"Sriram","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2021.130471","article-title":"Single-particle cadmium(II) and chromium(III) ions assay using GNP@Ag core\u2212shell nanoparticles with dark-field optical microscopy","volume":"346","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14006","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c02913","article-title":"Real-Time Tracking the Electrochemical Synthesis of Au@Metal Core-Shell Nanoparticles toward Photo Enhanced Methanol Oxidation","volume":"92","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14056","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b04179","article-title":"Strategy for In Situ Imaging of Cellular Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Using Gold Nanoflower Probe and Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Technique","volume":"90","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7870","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.1c00385","article-title":"In Situ Imaging of Cellular Reactive Oxygen Species and Caspase-3 Activity Using a Multifunctional Theranostic Probe for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy","volume":"93","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12805","DOI":"10.1039\/C8NR01879K","article-title":"A galvanic exchange process visualized on single silver nanoparticles via dark-field microscopy imaging","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.129347","article-title":"DNAzyme-catalyzed etching process of Au\/Ag nanocages visualized via dark-field imaging with time elapse for ultrasensitive detection of microRNA","volume":"330","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6329","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b01300","article-title":"Single-Particle Enzyme Activity Assay with Spectral-Resolved Dark-Field Optical Microscopy","volume":"91","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15473","DOI":"10.1039\/D2NJ03107H","article-title":"Single Au@MnO2 nanoparticle imaging for sensitive glucose detection based on H2O2-mediated etching of the MnO2 layer","volume":"46","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19338","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.9b06238","article-title":"Sensitive Sulfide Monitoring in Live Cells by Dark-Field Microscopy Based on the Formation of Ag2S on Au@AgI Core\u2013Shell Nanoparticles","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10727","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.1c02761","article-title":"Alkaline Phosphatase-Triggered Etching of Au@FeOOH Nanoparticles for Enzyme Level Assay under Dark-Field Microscopy","volume":"93","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9308","DOI":"10.1039\/C9SC02804H","article-title":"Electrochemical synthesis of Au@semiconductor core-shell nanocrystals guided by single particle plasmonic imaging","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3002","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b05285","article-title":"Inconspicuous Reactions Identified by Improved Precision of Plasmonic Scattering Dark-Field Microscopy Imaging Using Silver Shell-Isolated Nanoparticles as Internal References","volume":"91","author":"Feng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1021\/acsphyschemau.1c00046","article-title":"Characterization of Nanoparticles in Diverse Mixtures Using Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance and Nanoparticle Tracking by Dark-Field Microscopy with Redox Magnetohydrodynamics Microfluidics","volume":"2","author":"Sikes","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Phys. Chem. Au"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2021.338503","article-title":"Dark-field microscopic real-time monitoring the growth of Au on Cu(2)O nanocubes for ultra-sensitive glucose detection","volume":"1162","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67001","DOI":"10.1209\/0295-5075\/106\/67001","article-title":"Synthesis and optical properties of Janus structural ZnO\/Au nanocomposites","volume":"106","author":"Fan","year":"2014","journal-title":"EPL (Europhys. Lett.)"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.2116\/analsci.33.223","article-title":"Sensitive and Simple Detection of Glucose Based on Single Plasmonic Nanorod","volume":"33","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Sci."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40944","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b15349","article-title":"Revealing Lectin-Sugar Interactions with a Single Au@Ag Nanocube","volume":"11","author":"Shen","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12329","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CC05139G","article-title":"Detection of monoamine oxidase B using dark-field light scattering imaging and colorimetry","volume":"58","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2945","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CC09573J","article-title":"Nanofabrication of hollowed-out Au@AgPt core-frames via selective carving of silver and deposition of platinum","volume":"56","author":"Xia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem Commun"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13044","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b04024","article-title":"Label-Free, Single-Particle, Colorimetric Detection of Permanganate by GNPs@Ag Core-Shell Nanoparticles with Dark-Field Optical Microscopy","volume":"90","author":"Ye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."}],"container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4991\/13\/13\/2027\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:08:29Z","timestamp":1760126909000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4991\/13\/13\/2027"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["nano13132027"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nano13132027","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-4991"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-4991","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]]}}}