{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:56:23Z","timestamp":1777492583485,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A composite based on calcium sulphate hemihydrate enhanced with Zn- or B-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles was fabricated and evaluated for bone graft applications. The investigations of their structural and morphological properties were performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy techniques. To study the bioactive properties of the obtained composites, soaking tests in simulated body fluid (SBF) were performed. The results showed that the addition of 2% Zn results in an increase of 2.27% in crystallinity, while the addition of boron causes an increase of 5.61% compared to the undoped HAp sample. The crystallite size was found to be 10.69 \u00b1 1.59 nm for HAp@B, and in the case of HAp@Zn, the size reaches 16.63 \u00b1 1.83 nm, compared to HAp, whose crystallite size value was 19.44 \u00b1 3.13 nm. The mechanical resistance of the samples doped with zinc was the highest and decreased by about 6% after immersion in SBF. Mixing HAp nanoparticles with gypsum improved cell viability compared to HAp for all concentrations (except for 200 \u00b5g\/mL). Cell density decreased with increasing nanoparticle concentration, compared to gypsum, where the cell density was not significantly affected. The degree of cellular differentiation of osteoblast-type cells was more accentuated in the case of samples treated with G+HAp@B nanoparticles compared to HAp@B. Cell viability in these samples decreased inversely proportionally to the concentration of administered nanoparticles. From the point of view of cell density, this confirmed the quantitative data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13152219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T10:00:15Z","timestamp":1690797615000},"page":"2219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Fabrication and Characterisation of Calcium Sulphate Hemihydrate Enhanced with Zn- or B-Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles for Hard Tissue Restoration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4133-7377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian Ionut","family":"Nicoara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"National R&D Institute for Nonferrous and Rare Metals\u2013IMNR, 077145 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teodor Gabriel","family":"Voineagu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrada Elena","family":"Alecu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2267-6453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogdan Stefan","family":"Vasile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Research Center for Advanced Materials, Products and Processes, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioana","family":"Maior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9109-488X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anca","family":"Cojocaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roxana","family":"Trusca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roxana Cristina","family":"Popescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"National R&D Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering-Horia Hulubei, 077125 Magurele, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Fuchs, R.K., Thompson, W.R., and Warden, S.J. 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