{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T09:50:40Z","timestamp":1790934640112,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Padova (Italy)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents an original and sustainable method for producing ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) in response to global challenges (low energy requirements, low environmental impact, short production times, and high production yield). The method is based on an ion exchange process between an anionic resin and an aqueous ZnCl2 solution; it operates in one step at room temperature\/ambient pressure without the need for complex apparatus or purification steps. From the kinetics, we observed the formation of pure simonkolleite, a zinc-layered hydroxide salt (Zn5(OH)8Cl2\u00b7H2O), after only 5 min of reaction. This compound, used elsewhere as a ZnO precursor after calcination at high temperatures, here decomposes at room temperature into ZnO, allowing extraordinary savings of time and energy. Finally, in only 90 min, pure and crystalline ZnO NPs are obtained, with a production yield &gt; 99%. Several types of aggregates resulting from the self-assembly of small hexagonal platelets (solid or hollow in shape) were observed. Using our revolutionary method, we produced almost 10 kg of ZnO NPs per week without any toxic waste, significantly reducing energy consumption; this method allows transferring the use of these unique NPs from the laboratory environment to the real world.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13172458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T10:30:52Z","timestamp":1693391452000},"page":"2458","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["New Eco-Friendly and Low-Energy Synthesis to Produce ZnO Nanoparticles for Real-World Scale Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4760-1308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuliana","family":"Taglieri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics, University of L\u2019Aquila, Piazzale E. Pontieri 1, Monteluco di Roio, Roio Poggio, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, AQ, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0769-2030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Daniele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics, University of L\u2019Aquila, Piazzale E. Pontieri 1, Monteluco di Roio, Roio Poggio, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, AQ, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Maurizio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics, University of L\u2019Aquila, Piazzale E. Pontieri 1, Monteluco di Roio, Roio Poggio, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, AQ, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Merlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, PD, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1642-832X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Siligardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering \u201cEnzo Ferrari\u201d, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, MO, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3606-4888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Capron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESRF, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, CEDEX 9, France"},{"name":"Paternship for Soft Condensed Matter PSCM, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, CEDEX 9, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Mondelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR-IOM-OGG, Institut Laue Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, CEDEX 9, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borysiewicz, M.A. (2019). ZnO as a functional material, a review. 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