{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:16:50Z","timestamp":1789661810666,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":182,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the KU-KIST Research Fund, Korea University","award":["2022R1F1A1074682"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1F1A1074682"]}]},{"name":"the KU-KIST Research Fund, Korea University","award":["NRF-2017M3D1A1039421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2017M3D1A1039421"]}]},{"name":"the KU-KIST Research Fund, Korea University","award":["2022R1A4A103168711"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A4A103168711"]}]},{"name":"the KU-KIST Research Fund, Korea University","award":["20022518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20022518"]}]},{"name":"the National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["2022R1F1A1074682"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1F1A1074682"]}]},{"name":"the National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["NRF-2017M3D1A1039421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2017M3D1A1039421"]}]},{"name":"the National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["2022R1A4A103168711"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A4A103168711"]}]},{"name":"the National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["20022518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20022518"]}]},{"name":"the Technology Innovation ProGram","award":["2022R1F1A1074682"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1F1A1074682"]}]},{"name":"the Technology Innovation ProGram","award":["NRF-2017M3D1A1039421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2017M3D1A1039421"]}]},{"name":"the Technology Innovation ProGram","award":["2022R1A4A103168711"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A4A103168711"]}]},{"name":"the Technology Innovation ProGram","award":["20022518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20022518"]}]},{"name":"National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India","award":["2022R1F1A1074682"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1F1A1074682"]}]},{"name":"National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India","award":["NRF-2017M3D1A1039421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2017M3D1A1039421"]}]},{"name":"National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India","award":["2022R1A4A103168711"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A4A103168711"]}]},{"name":"National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India","award":["20022518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20022518"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sepsis is a critical disease caused by the abrupt increase of bacteria in human blood, which subsequently causes a cytokine storm. Early identification of bacteria is critical to treating a patient with proper antibiotics to avoid sepsis. However, conventional culture-based identification takes a long time. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is not so successful because of the complexity and similarity in the genome sequence of some bacterial species, making it difficult to design primers and thus less suitable for rapid bacterial identification. To address these issues, several new technologies have been developed. Recent advances in nanotechnology have shown great potential for fast and accurate bacterial identification. The most promising strategy in nanotechnology involves the use of nanoparticles, which has led to the advancement of highly specific and sensitive biosensors capable of detecting and identifying bacteria even at low concentrations in very little time. The primary drawback of conventional antibiotics is the potential for antimicrobial resistance, which can lead to the development of superbacteria, making them difficult to treat. The incorporation of diverse nanomaterials and designs of nanomaterials has been utilized to kill bacteria efficiently. Nanomaterials with distinct physicochemical properties, such as optical and magnetic properties, including plasmonic and magnetic nanoparticles, have been extensively studied for their potential to efficiently kill bacteria. In this review, we are emphasizing the recent advances in nano-biotechnologies for bacterial identification and anti-bacterial properties. The basic principles of new technologies, as well as their future challenges, have been discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13182529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T09:05:17Z","timestamp":1694423117000},"page":"2529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Nano-Biotechnology for Bacteria Identification and Potent Anti-bacterial Properties: A Review of Current State of the Art"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Shimayali","family":"Kaushal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitesh","family":"Priyadarshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, Mohali 140306, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, Mohali 140306, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitin Kumar","family":"Singhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, Mohali 140306, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Kwon","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Integrative Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30696-2","article-title":"Sepsis and septic shock","volume":"392","author":"Cecconi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e422","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30567-5","article-title":"Current gaps in sepsis immunology: New opportunities for translational research","volume":"19","author":"Rubio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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