{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T12:23:15Z","timestamp":1792844595661,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,6]],"date-time":"2024-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Technology Sydney"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pharmaceuticals are widely used and often discharged without metabolism into the aquatic systems. The photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical compounds propranolol, mebeverine, and carbamazepine was studied using different titanium dioxide nanostructures suspended in water under UV and UV-visible irradiation. Among three different photocatalysts, the degradation was most effective by using Degussa P25 TiO2, followed by Hombikat UV100 and Aldrich TiO2. The photocatalytic performance was dependent on photocatalyst dosage, with an optimum concentration of 150 mg L\u22121. The natural aquatic colloids were shown to enhance the extent of photocatalysis, and the effect was correlated with their aromatic carbon content. In addition, the photocatalysis of pharmaceuticals was enhanced by the presence of nitrate, but inhibited by the presence of 2-propanol, indicating the importance of hydroxyl radicals. Under optimum conditions, the pharmaceuticals were rapidly degraded, with a half-life of 1.9 min, 2.1 min, and 3.2 min for propranolol, mebeverine, and carbamazepine, respectively. In treating sewage effluent samples, the photocatalytic rate constants for propranolol (0.28 min\u22121), mebeverine (0.21 min\u22121), and carbamazepine (0.15 min\u22121) were similar to those in water samples, demonstrating the potential of photocatalysis as a clean technology for the effective removal of pharmaceuticals from sewage effluent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano14020135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T03:49:04Z","timestamp":1704685744000},"page":"135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Photocatalytic Degradation of Pharmaceutical Residues from Water and Sewage Effluent Using Different TiO2 Nanomaterials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Amir Hossein","family":"Navidpour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4756-595X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Boshir","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Sustainability, Energy and Resources (ISER), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, SA 5005, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1393-1608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John L.","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.155780","article-title":"Health Effects and Risks Associated with the Occurrence of Pharmaceuticals and Their Metabolites in Marine Organisms and Seafood","volume":"837","author":"Madikizela","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. 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