{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:10:48Z","timestamp":1790615448467,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]],"date-time":"2024-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union funds","award":["POWR.03.02.00-00-I029\/16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POWR.03.02.00-00-I029\/16"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to assess the ability of modern resin-based \u201cbioactive\u201d materials (RBMs) to induce dentine remineralisation via mineral deposition and compare the results to those obtained with calcium silicate cements (CSMs). The following materials were employed for restoration of dentine cavities: CSMs: ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Sirona), MTA Angelus (Angelus), Biodentine (Septodont), and TheraCal LC (Bisco); RBMs: ACTIVA BioACTIVE Base\/Liner (Pulpdent), ACTIVA Presto (Pulpdent), and Predicta Bioactive Bulk (Parkell). The evaluation of the mineral deposition was performed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) on the material and dentine surfaces, as well as at the dentine\u2013material interface after immersion in simulated body fluid. Additionally, the Ca\/P ratios were also calculated in all the tested groups. The specimens were analysed after setting (baseline) and at 24 h, 7, 14, and 28 days. ProRoot MTA, MTA Angelus, Biodentine, and TheraCal LC showed significant surface precipitation, which filled the gap between the material and the dentine. Conversely, the three RBMs showed only a slight ability to induce mineral precipitation, although none of them was able to remineralise the dentine\u2013material interface. In conclusion, in terms of mineral precipitation, modern \u201cbioactive\u201d RBMs are not as effective as CSMs in inducing dentine remineralisation; these latter represent the only option to induce a possible reparative process at the dentin\u2013material interface.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano14030274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T08:54:03Z","timestamp":1706518443000},"page":"274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Dentine Remineralisation Induced by \u201cBioactive\u201d Materials through Mineral Deposition: An In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3477-2423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Kunert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6505-3088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ireneusz","family":"Piwonski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 163 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8577-2285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louis","family":"Hardan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8003-2664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rim","family":"Bourgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon"},{"name":"Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2527-8776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Sauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Biomaterials and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Departamento de Odontolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera C\/Del Pozo ss\/n, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3797-5883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Inchingolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6110-4298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Lukomska-Szymanska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13080","article-title":"European Society of Endodontology position statement: Management of deep caries and the exposed pulp","volume":"52","author":"Duncan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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