{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T14:02:47Z","timestamp":1778594567953,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technology, Knowledge and Innovation of Chile","award":["3200610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3200610"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technology, Knowledge and Innovation of Chile","award":["1201962"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1201962"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technology, Knowledge and Innovation of Chile","award":["ANID\/ACT210059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANID\/ACT210059"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technology, Knowledge and Innovation of Chile","award":["ECM-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECM-02"]}]},{"name":"Powered@NLHPC","award":["3200610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3200610"]}]},{"name":"Powered@NLHPC","award":["1201962"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1201962"]}]},{"name":"Powered@NLHPC","award":["ANID\/ACT210059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANID\/ACT210059"]}]},{"name":"Powered@NLHPC","award":["ECM-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECM-02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A new curcuminoid molecule (3) has been designed and synthesized, containing a central -(CH2)2-COOH chain at the \u03b1 carbon of the keto-enol moiety in the structure. The carboxylic acid group is added to react with exposed amino groups on silica oxide nanoparticles (nSiO2), forming an amide bond to attach the curcuminoid moiety to the nSiO2 covalently. The Kaiser test quantifies the functionalization degree, yielding 222 \u03bcmol of curcuminoid per gram of nanoparticles. The synthesized hybrid nanosystem, nSiO2-NHCO-CCM, displays significant emission properties, with a maximum emission at 538 nm in dichloromethane, similar to curcuminoid 1 (without the central chain), which emits at 565 nm in the same solvent. Solvent-induced spectral effects on the absorption and emission bands of the new hybrid nanosystem are confirmed, similar to those observed for the free curcuminoid (1). The new nanosystem is evaluated in the presence of kerosene in water, showing an emission band at 525 nm as a detection response. The ability of nSiO2-NHCO-CCM to change its fluorescence when interacting with kerosene in water is notable, as it overcomes the limitation caused by the insolubility of free curcuminoid 1 in water, allowing for the exploitation of its properties when connected to the water-stable nanosystem for future detection studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano14121022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T06:23:11Z","timestamp":1718259791000},"page":"1022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Synthesis and Optical Properties of a Novel Hybrid Nanosystem Based on Covalently Modified nSiO2 Nanoparticles with a Curcuminoid Molecule"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8604-5343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Parra-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370456, Chile"},{"name":"Centro de Materiales para la Transici\u00f3n y Sostenibilidad Energ\u00e9tica, Comisi\u00f3n Chilena de Energ\u00eda Nuclear, Ruta 68, km 20, Santiago 7600713, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9607-5770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"L\u00f3pez-Monsalves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370456, Chile"},{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Farmacol\u00f3gica y Toxicol\u00f3gica, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas y Farmac\u00e9uticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1119-9716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Espinoza-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370456, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Aravena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica de los Materiales, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago 9170002, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4688-0889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy","family":"Pizarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Vi\u00f1a del Mar 2520000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2125-6809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Soler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370456, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2016.05.005","article-title":"Biological Activities of Curcuminoids, Other Biomolecules from Turmeric and Their Derivatives\u2014A Review","volume":"7","author":"Amalraj","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Complement. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mukherjee, S., Kar, S.K., Mukherjee, S., and Kar, S.K. (2021). Curcuminoids: The Novel Molecules of Nature. Herbs and Spices\u2014New Processing Technologies, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.99201"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.230303","article-title":"Use of Curcumin in Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012073","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/105\/1\/012073","article-title":"Visible Light Absorption and Photosensitizing Characteristics of Natural Yellow 3 Extracted from Curcuma Longa L. for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell","volume":"105","author":"Rahimzadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2015.07.119","article-title":"Photovoltaic Performance of Curcumin as Sensitizer in a Solid-State Solar Cell","volume":"126","author":"Suresh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.109792","article-title":"The Role of Curcumin and Its Derivatives in Sensory Applications","volume":"103","author":"Khorasani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1039\/D0AY00173B","article-title":"Screening and Application of Boron Difluoride Complexes of Curcumin as Colorimetric and Ratiometric Fluorescent Probes for Bisulfite","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1002\/cjoc.201600110","article-title":"A Fluorescent Chemosensor for Al3+ Based on C=O Isomerization Derivated from Curcumin","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9321","DOI":"10.1021\/jp307928a","article-title":"Excited-State Dynamics of Bis-Dehydroxycurcumin Carboxylic Acid, a Water-Soluble Derivative of the Photosensitizer Curcumin","volume":"116","author":"Nardo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uro\u0161evi\u0107, M., Nikoli\u0107, L., Gaji\u0107, I., Nikoli\u0107, V., Dini\u0107, A., and Miljkovi\u0107, V. (2022). Curcumin: Biological Activities and Modern Pharmaceutical Forms. Antibiotics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11020135"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9679","DOI":"10.1039\/c3dt50513h","article-title":"Improving the Bioactivity of Zn(II)-Curcumin Based Complexes","volume":"42","author":"Pucci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mari, M., Carrozza, D., Malavasi, G., Venturi, E., Avino, G., Capponi, P.C., Iori, M., Rubagotti, S., Belluti, S., and Asti, M. (2022). Curcumin-Based \u03b2-Diketo Ligands for Ga3+: Thermodynamic Investigation of Potential Metal-Based Drugs. Pharmaceuticals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15070854"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3177","DOI":"10.1007\/s13738-022-02522-x","article-title":"A Structural and Optical Study of Curcumin and Curcumin Analogs","volume":"19","author":"Tahay","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Iran. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4986","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CS00088B","article-title":"Metal Complexes of Curcumin\u2014Synthetic Strategies, Structures and Medicinal Applications","volume":"44","author":"Wanninger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11195","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b01102","article-title":"Curcumin-Cysteine and Curcumin-Tryptophan Conjugate as Fluorescence Turn on Sensors for Picric Acid in Aqueous Media","volume":"7","author":"Gogoi","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.02.110","article-title":"A Novel Highly Selective Chemosensor Based on Curcumin for Detection of Cu2+ and Its Application for Bioimaging","volume":"230","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2019.100620","article-title":"Improving the Photostability of Curcumin Using Functional Star-Shaped Polyamidoamine Dendrimer: Application on PET","volume":"21","author":"Dodangeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Today Commun."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"121","article-title":"Challenges of Curcumin Bioavailability: Novel Aerosol Remedies","volume":"8","author":"Subramani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassanzadeh, K., Buccarello, L., Dragotto, J., Mohammadi, A., Corbo, M., and Feligioni, M. (2020). Obstacles against the Marketing of Curcumin as a Drug. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186619"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clay.2019.105400","article-title":"Chemical and Biological Evaluation of Cross-Linked Halloysite-Curcumin Derivatives","volume":"184","author":"Massaro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Clay Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"(2024, January 11). Incorporating Curcumin Grafted Cellulose Nanofiber into Chitosan Films with Strong and High UV Barrier Properties\u2014American Chemical Society. Available online: https:\/\/acs.digitellinc.com\/sessions\/3911\/view."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahzadi, I., Islam, M., Saeed, H., Haider, A., Shahzadi, A., Rathore, H.A., Ul-Hamid, A., Abd-Rabboh, H.S.M., and Ikram, M. (2023). Synthesis of Curcuma Longa Doped Cellulose Grafted Hydrogel for Catalysis, Bactericidial and Insilico Molecular Docking Analysis. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 253.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.126827"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"9632","article-title":"Curcumin Conjugated Silica Nanoparticles for Improving Bioavailability and Its Anticancer Applications","volume":"61","author":"Gangwar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2019.108081","article-title":"Functionalization of PAMAM Dendrimers with Curcumin: Synthesis, Characterization, Fluorescent Improvement and Application on PET Polymer","volume":"174","author":"Dodangeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dye. Pigment."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2017.02.046","article-title":"Preparation, Photoluminescence Properties and Application for in Vivo Tumor Imaging of Curcumin Derivative-Functionalized Graphene Oxide Composite","volume":"141","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dye. Pigment."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1562\/0031-8655(2000)072<0625:EOSOTE>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Effect of Solvent on the Excited-State Photophysical Properties of Curcumin\u00b6","volume":"72","author":"Khopde","year":"2000","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1994.tb05037.x","article-title":"Spectral and photochemical properties of curcumin","volume":"59","author":"Chignell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19399","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76464-w","article-title":"The Surface Modification and Characterization of SiO2 Nanoparticles for Higher Foam Stability","volume":"10","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102569","article-title":"Surface Enhanced Fluorescence Effect Improves the in Vivo Detection of Amyloid Aggregates","volume":"44","author":"Cabrera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.257","article-title":"Surface Functionalization of Silica Nanoparticles to Enhance Aging Resistance of Asphalt Binder","volume":"211","author":"Karnati","year":"2019","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cueto-D\u00edaz, E.J., Castro-Mu\u00f1iz, A., Su\u00e1rez-Garc\u00eda, F., G\u00e1lvez-Mart\u00ednez, S., Torquemada-Vico, M.C., Valles-Gonz\u00e1lez, M.P., and Mateo-Mart\u00ed, E. (2021). Aptes-Based Silica Nanoparticles as a Potential Modifier for the Selective Sequestration of CO2 Gas Molecules. Nanomaterials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11112893"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6309","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.201900120","article-title":"Oxalyl Chloride: A Versatile Reagent in Organic Transformations","volume":"4","author":"Mohammadkhani","year":"2019","journal-title":"ChemistrySelect"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1606","DOI":"10.1002\/wcms.1606","article-title":"Software Update: The ORCA Program System\u2014Version 5.0","volume":"12","author":"Neese","year":"2022","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Comput. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12129","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1626543","article-title":"Comparative Assessment of a New Nonempirical Density Functional: Molecules and Hydrogen-Bonded Complexes","volume":"119","author":"Staroverov","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146401","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.91.146401","article-title":"Climbing the Density Functional Ladder: Nonempirical Meta\u2013Generalized Gradient Approximation Designed for Molecules and Solids","volume":"91","author":"Tao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3297","DOI":"10.1039\/b508541a","article-title":"Balanced Basis Sets of Split Valence, Triple Zeta Valence and Quadruple Zeta Valence Quality for H to Rn: Design and Assessment of Accuracy","volume":"7","author":"Weigend","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1021\/jp9716997","article-title":"Quantum Calculation of Molecular Energies and Energy Gradients in Solution by a Conductor Solvent Model","volume":"102","author":"Barone","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2877","DOI":"10.1021\/jo00165a018","article-title":"Linear Solvation Energy Relationships. 23. A Comprehensive Collection of the Solvatochromic Parameters, \u03c0, \u03b1, and \u03b2, and Some Methods for Simplifying the Generalized Solvatochromic Equation","volume":"48","author":"Kamlet","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-153X-6-71","article-title":"Synthesis, Structure and Solvatochromic Properties of Some Novel 5-Arylazo-6-Hydroxy-4-Phenyl-3-Cyano-2-Pyridone Dyes","volume":"6","author":"Alimmari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Cent. J."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1002\/jlac.199519950234","article-title":"-G Progress towards a Generalized Solvent Polarity Scale: The Solvatochromism of 2-(Dimethylamino)-7-Nitrofluorene and Its Homomorph 2-Fluoro-7-Nitrofluorene","volume":"1995","year":"1995","journal-title":"Liebigs Ann."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5951","DOI":"10.1021\/jp8095727","article-title":"Toward a Generalized Treatment of the Solvent Effect Based on Four Empirical Scales: Dipolarity (SdP, a New Scale), Polarizability (SP), Acidity (SA), and Basicity (SB) of the Medium","volume":"113","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12133","article-title":"Solvent and Media Effects on the Photophysics of Naphthoxazole Derivatives","volume":"89","author":"Curitol","year":"2013","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2006.09.060","article-title":"Sulfonated Poly(Ether Imide): A Versatile Route to Prepare Functionalized Polymers by Homogenous Sulfonation","volume":"61","author":"Pinto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suresha, P.R., and Badiger, M.V. (2022). Cationic Chitosan Graft Flocculants: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications in Kaolin Separation. Mater. Today Proc.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2022.09.223"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren, Y., Zhou, H., Lu, J., Huang, S., Zhu, H., and Li, L. (2020). Theoretical and Experimental Optimization of the Graft Density of Functionalized Anti-Biofouling Surfaces by Cationic Brushes. Membranes, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes10120431"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-018-2156-6","article-title":"White-Light-Emitting Dy3+-Doped Amorphous SiO2 Nanophosphors Derived from Rice Husk","volume":"124","author":"Mbakaan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1515\/zkri-2018-2096","article-title":"Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activities Study of Prepared Self-Cleaning Nanostructure Surfaces Using Synthesized and Coated ZnO Nanoparticles with Curcumin Nanodispersion","volume":"234","author":"Sayyar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Z. Krist. Cryst. Mater."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2011.10.016","article-title":"Solvent Effect on the Absorption and Fluorescence of Ergone: Determination of Ground and Excited State Dipole Moments","volume":"86","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lyu, H., Wang, D., Cai, L., Wang, D.J., and Li, X.M. (2019). Synthesis, Photophysical and Solvatochromic Properties of Diacetoxyboron Complexes with Curcumin Derivatives. Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc., 220.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2019.05.031"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38950","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA26366B","article-title":"A Competitive Fluorescence Quenching-Based Immunoassay for Bisphenol A Employing Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles and Nanogold","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729306","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/729306","article-title":"In Vitro Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of Colloidal Amorphous Silica Nanoparticles Designed for Drug Delivery on Human Cell Lines","volume":"2013","author":"Balakrishnan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nanomater."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Welc, R., Luchowski, R., K\u0142osok, K., Gruszecki, W.I., and Nawrocka, A. (2022). How Do Phenolic Acids Change the Secondary and Tertiary Structure of Gliadin? Studies with an Application of Spectroscopic Techniques. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23116053"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Q., Lv, Q., Zhang, D., Jiang, W., Zhang, H., and Zhang, W. (2023). Influence of Hydrogen Bonding on the Photophysical Properties of Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate. Processes, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/pr11072077"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1562\/0031-8655(2002)075<0327:FQYATR>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Fluorescence Quantum Yields and Their Relation to Lifetimes of Rhodamine 6G and Fluorescein in Nine Solvents: Improved Absolute Standards for Quantum Yields\u00b6","volume":"75","author":"Magde","year":"2002","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1021\/ed076p1260","article-title":"Are Fluorescence Quantum Yields So Tricky to Measure? A Demonstration Using Familiar Stationery Products","volume":"76","author":"Lavabre","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Chem. Educ."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20620","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA02939D","article-title":"Synthetic Non-Classical Luminescence Generation by Enhanced Silica Nanophotonics Based on Nano-Bio-FRET","volume":"10","author":"Salinas","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1002\/poc.3402","article-title":"Solvatochromic Behavior of Dyes with Dimethylamino Electron-Donor and Nitro Electron-Acceptor Groups in Their Molecular Structure","volume":"28","author":"Nandi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Phys. Org. Chem."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reichardt, C., and Welton, T. (2010). Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry: Fourth Edition. Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons. [4th ed.].","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527632220"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1080\/10937404.2012.710134","article-title":"Kerosene: A review of household uses and their hazards in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"15","author":"Lam","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Env. Health B Crit. Rev."}],"container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4991\/14\/12\/1022\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:57:50Z","timestamp":1760108270000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4991\/14\/12\/1022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["nano14121022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nano14121022","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-4991"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-4991","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]}}}