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Surface termination of an inert diamond substrate and its chemical reactivity are key in generating new bonds for nucleation and growth of an overlayer material. Oxidized high-pressure high temperature (HPHT) nanodiamonds (NDs) are largely terminated by alcohols that act as nucleophiles to initiate covalent bond formation when an electrophilic reactant is available. In this work, we demonstrate a templated synthesis of ultrathin boron on ND surfaces using trigonal boron compounds. Boron trichloride (BCl3), boron tribromide (BBr3), and borane (BH3) were found to react with ND substrates at room temperature in inert conditions. BBr3 and BCl3 were highly reactive with the diamond surface, and sheet-like structures were produced and verified with electron microscopy. Surface-sensitive spectroscopies were used to probe the molecular and atomic structure of the ND constructs\u2019 surface, and quantification showed the boron shell was less than 1 nm thick after 1\u201324 h reactions. Observation of the reaction supports a self-terminating mechanism, similar to atomic layer deposition growth, and is likely due to the quenching of alcohols on the diamond surface. X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed that boron-termination generated midgap electronic states that were originally predicted by density functional theory (DFT) several years ago. DFT also predicted a negative electron surface, which has yet to be confirmed experimentally here. The boron-diamond nanostructures were found to aggregate in dichloromethane and were dispersed in various solvents and characterized with dynamic light scattering for future cell imaging or cancer therapy applications using boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The unique templating mechanism based on nucleophilic alcohols and electrophilic trigonal precursors allows for covalent bond formation and will be of interest to researchers using diamond for quantum sensing, additive manufacturing, BNCT, and potentially as an electron emitter.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano14151274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T16:37:17Z","timestamp":1722271037000},"page":"1274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Ultrathin Boron Growth onto Nanodiamond Surfaces via Electrophilic Boron Precursors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Krishna","family":"Govindaraju","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, San Jos\u00e9 State University, 1 Washington Square, San Jos\u00e9, CA 95192, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyanna","family":"Supreme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, San Jos\u00e9 State University, 1 Washington Square, San Jos\u00e9, CA 95192, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel N.","family":"Labunsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, San Jos\u00e9 State University, 1 Washington Square, San Jos\u00e9, CA 95192, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, San Jos\u00e9 State University, 1 Washington Square, San Jos\u00e9, CA 95192, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Miguel","family":"Del Rosario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, San Jos\u00e9 State University, 1 Washington Square, San Jos\u00e9, CA 95192, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alana","family":"Washington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, San Jos\u00e9 State University, 1 Washington Square, San Jos\u00e9, CA 95192, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ezhioghode O.","family":"Uwadiale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, San Jos\u00e9 State University, 1 Washington Square, San Jos\u00e9, CA 95192, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"II","given":"Solomon","family":"Adjei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, San Jos\u00e9 State University, 1 Washington Square, San Jos\u00e9, CA 95192, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Ladjadj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, San Jos\u00e9 State University, 1 Washington Square, San Jos\u00e9, CA 95192, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia V.","family":"Melendrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, San Jos\u00e9 State University, 1 Washington Square, San Jos\u00e9, CA 95192, USA"},{"name":"Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sandhill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8199-3993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Jun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sandhill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0476-5089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria V.","family":"Altoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avery","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Covalent Metrology, 927 Thompson Pl, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Riano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Covalent Metrology, 927 Thompson Pl, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sami","family":"Sainio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sandhill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA"},{"name":"Microelectronics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran Katu 1, Linnanmaa, P.O. 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