{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T12:21:42Z","timestamp":1776687702135,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52273077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52273077"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["ZDKT202108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDKT202108"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University","award":["52273077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52273077"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University","award":["ZDKT202108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDKT202108"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Irregularly shaped wounds cause severe chronic infections, which have attracted worldwide attention due to their high prevalence and poor treatment outcomes. In this study, we designed a new composite functional dressing consisting of traditional Chinese herb carbonized plant powder (CPP) and a polyacrylic acid (PAA)\/polyethylenimine (PEI) gel. The rapid gelation of the dressing within 6\u20138 s allowed the gel to be firmly attached to an irregularly shaped wound surface and avoided powder detachment. In addition, through an infrared thermography analysis, a coagulation assay, and a morphological examination of regenerative tissue in animal wound models, it was found that the dressing substrates had synergistic effects on photothermal sterilization, rapid hemostasis, and anti-inflammatory activity, thereby achieving an 88% wound closure rate on the 9th day after the formation of the wound. This multifunctional hemostatic material is expected to be adaptable to irregular wounds and promote rapid wound healing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano14241992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T09:38:15Z","timestamp":1733996295000},"page":"1992","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Carbonized Plant Powder Gel for Rapid Hemostasis and Sterilization in Regard to Irregular Wounds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zhong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices, College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaolei","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices, College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guodong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices, College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bingyu","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices, College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices, College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pihang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices, College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4278-4515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunze","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices, College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices, College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202101247","article-title":"In Situ Electrospinning of Aggregation-Induced Emission Nanofibrous Dressing for Wound Healing","volume":"6","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du, J., Wang, J.Z., Xu, T., Yao, H., Yu, L.L., and Huang, D. (2023). Hemostasis Strategies and Recent Advances in Nanomaterials for Hemostasis. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28135264"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan, Y., Shen, S.H., and Fan, D.D. (2021). A physicochemical double cross-linked multifunctional hydrogel for dynamic burn wound healing: Shape adaptability, injectable self-healing property and enhanced adhesion. Biomaterials, 276.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.120838"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8273","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.1c01455","article-title":"Sensitive, Stretchable, and Breathable Pressure Sensors Based on Medical Gauze Integrated with Silver Nanowires and Elastomers","volume":"4","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10225","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.1c01833","article-title":"Facile and Robust Antibacterial Functionalization of Medical Cotton Gauze with Gallic Acids to Accelerate Wound Healing","volume":"60","author":"Lang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Medical Advisory Secretariat (2006). Negative pressure wound therapy: An evidence-based analysis. Ont. Health Technol. Assess. Ser., 6, 1\u201338."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nike, D.U., Katas, H., Mohd, N.F., Hiraoka, Y., Tabata, Y., Idrus, R.B.H., and Fauzi, M.B. (2021). Characterisation of Rapid In Situ Forming Gelipin Hydrogel for Future Use in Irregular Deep Cutaneous Wound Healing. Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13183152"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ziolkowska, A., Debska, B., and Banach-Szott, M. (2020). Transformations of phenolic compounds in meadow soils. Sci. Rep., 10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76316-7"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9113","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2023.2208218","article-title":"Beneficial effects of phenolic compounds: Native phenolic compounds vs metabolites and catabolites","volume":"64","author":"Jakobek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202101421","article-title":"Polyphosphazene and Non-Catechol-Based Antibacterial Injectable Hydrogel for Adhesion of Wet Tissues as Wound Dressing","volume":"11","author":"Ni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brumberg, V., Astrelina, T., Malivanova, T., and Samoilov, A. (2021). Modern Wound Dressings: Hydrogel Dressings. Biomedicines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9091235"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32346","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b08208","article-title":"Self-Healing and Recyclable Hydrogels Reinforced with in Situ-Formed Organic Nanofibrils Exhibit Simultaneously Enhanced Mechanical Strength and Stretchability","volume":"11","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, J.X., Zhang, H.Y., Guo, Z.Y., Zhang, C.Y., Tan, H.H., Gong, G., Yu, M.L., and Xu, L.J. (2023). Fully physical crosslinked BSA-based conductive hydrogels with high strength and fast self-recovery for human motion and wireless electrocardiogram sensing. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 230.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.123195"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"327","article-title":"Fabrication of physical and chemical crosslinked hydrogels for bone tissue engineering","volume":"12","author":"Xue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2023.05.009","article-title":"Hydrogel transformed from sandcastle-worm-inspired powder for adhering wet adipose surfaces","volume":"646","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1039\/D2TB00027J","article-title":"Facile preparation of a thermosensitive and antibiofouling physically crosslinked hydrogel\/powder for wound healing","volume":"10","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mat. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"14","article-title":"Shape-adapted self-gelation hydrogel powder for high-performance hemostasis and wound healing","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Mater. Today"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2022.111277","article-title":"Adhesion mechanism and application progress of hydrogels","volume":"173","author":"Xiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.2c00179","article-title":"Self-Healing Injectable Hydrogels for Tissue Regeneration","volume":"123","author":"Bertsch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"51","article-title":"Self-Healing Hydrogel Bioelectronics","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"17","article-title":"A Photo-induced Cross-Linking Enhanced A and B Combined Multi-Functional Spray Hydrogel Instantly Protects and Promotes of Irregular Dynamic Wound Healing","volume":"20","author":"Zhong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202101809","article-title":"Multifunctional Single-Component Polypeptide Hydrogels: The Gelation Mechanism, Superior Biocompatibility, High Performance Hemostasis, and Scarless Wound Healing","volume":"11","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1039\/D3TB01900D","article-title":"Functional hemostatic hydrogels: Design based on procoagulant principles","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mat. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.142458","article-title":"Collocalia birds inspired Janus-structured bandage with strong wet tissue adhesion for rapid hemostasis and wound healing","volume":"464","author":"Hui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13422","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c16061","article-title":"Hydrogel Loaded with Peptide-Containing Nanocomplexes: Symphonic Cooperation of Photothermal Antimicrobial Nanoparticles and Prohealing Peptides for the Treatment of Infected Wounds","volume":"16","author":"Jia","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"653","article-title":"Chitosan@Puerarin hydrogel for accelerated wound healing in diabetic subjects by miR-29ab1 mediated inflammatory axis suppression","volume":"19","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"13","article-title":"Mechanical Force Induced Self-Assembly of Chinese Herbal Hydrogel with Synergistic Effects of Antibacterial Activity and Immune Regulation for Wound Healing","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202404850","article-title":"Plant-Derived Chinese Herbal Hydrogel Microneedle Patches for Wound Healing","volume":"20","author":"Luan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202400071","article-title":"Dual Self-Assembly of Puerarin and Silk Fibroin into Supramolecular Nanofibrillar Hydrogel for Infected Wound Treatment","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, Y.M., Li, F.Y., Wang, S., Shi, H.M., Zhao, M.Q., You, S.H., Su, S.B., and Cheng, G. (2024). Composite Polysaccharide Hydrogel Loaded with Scutellaria baicalensis Extract for Diabetic Wound Treatment. Gels, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels10090605"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12687","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c04206","article-title":"Functional Hydrogels as Wound Dressing to Enhance Wound Healing","volume":"15","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, L., Liu, R., Li, J., Li, Y., He, J.F., Zhang, M.Y., and Yang, H.J. (2023). A multifunctional and self-adaptive double-layer hydrogel dressing based on chitosan for deep wound repair. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 253.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.127033"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.138201","article-title":"An injectable, adhesive, and self-healable composite hydrogel wound dressing with excellent antibacterial activity","volume":"450","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116096","article-title":"Thermosensitive and pH-responsive tannin-containing hydroxypropyl chitin hydrogel with long-lasting antibacterial activity for wound healing","volume":"236","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"203","article-title":"A Mg2+\/polydopamine composite hydrogel for the acceleration of infected wound healing","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202106015","article-title":"Engineering Robust Ag-Decorated Polydopamine Nano-Photothermal Platforms to Combat Bacterial Infection and Prompt Wound Healing","volume":"9","author":"Qi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."}],"container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4991\/14\/24\/1992\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:53:40Z","timestamp":1760115220000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4991\/14\/24\/1992"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["nano14241992"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nano14241992","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-4991"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-4991","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]}}}