{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T17:11:53Z","timestamp":1792602713072,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Core Program of the National Institute of Materials Physics, granted by the Romanian Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization","award":["PC1-PN23080101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PC1-PN23080101"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, we report for the first time the development and complex characterization of new bioceramics based on hydroxyapatite (HAp, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2). On the other hand, the lyophilization process was used for the first time in this research. The samples were obtained by a modified coprecipitation method and were dried by lyophilization (lyophilized hydroxyapatite (HApLF) and lyophilized zinc-doped hydroxyapatite (5ZnHApLF)). Valuable information about the HApLF and 5ZnHApLF stability was obtained through nondestructive ultrasound measurements. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed the phase and the effects of the incorporation of Zn ions into the HAp structure. The chemical composition of the samples was evaluated by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Information about the functional groups present in the HApLF and 5ZnHApLF was obtained using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) studies. The morphology of HApLF and 5ZnHApLF pellets was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface topography of HApLF and 5ZnHApLF pellets was studied with the aid of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Details regarding the roughness of the samples were also obtained using AFM topographies and SEM images. A complementary study was also carried out on a larger analysis surface using a Scanning Acoustic Microscope (SAM). The SAM was used for the first time to analyze the surface of HAp and 5ZnHAp pellets. The biological properties of the HApLF and 5ZnHApLF pellets was investigated with the aid of MG63 and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1) cell lines. The results of the cell viability assay highlighted that both the HApLF and 5ZnHApLF pellets exhibited good biological activity. Moreover, SEM and AFM studies were conducted in order to emphasize the development of MG63 and HGF-1 cells on the pellet\u2019s surface. Both SEM and AFM images depicted that the pellets\u2019 surface favored the cell attachment and development of MG63 and HGF-1 cells. Furthermore, the antimicrobial properties of the HApLF and 5ZnHApLF were evaluated against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The results of the antimicrobial assays highlighted that the 5ZnHApLF exhibited a strong antimicrobial activity against the tested microbial strains. The results of the biological assays suggested that the samples show great potential for being used in the development of novel materials for biomedical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano15030224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T11:08:23Z","timestamp":1738235303000},"page":"224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["New Nanobioceramics Based on Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications: Stability and Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6044-4311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen Steluta","family":"Ciobanu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street, No. 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Predoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street, No. 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9139-5903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona Liliana","family":"Iconaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street, No. 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catalin Constantin","family":"Negrila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street, No. 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3582-3950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damien","family":"Leduc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes (LOMC), French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS UMR 6294), University Le Havre Normandy, 75 rue Bellot, 76600 Le Havre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Ghegoiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street, No. 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Mechanics, University Politehnica of Bucharest, BN 002, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9031-338X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Coralia","family":"Bleotu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mounsif Ech Cherif El","family":"Kettani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes (LOMC), French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS UMR 6294), University Le Havre Normandy, 75 rue Bellot, 76600 Le Havre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxana","family":"Trusca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Micro and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Zelmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes (LOMC), French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS UMR 6294), University Le Havre Normandy, 75 rue Bellot, 76600 Le Havre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihai Valentin","family":"Predoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanics, University Politehnica of Bucharest, BN 002, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cowin, S.C. 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