{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:06:26Z","timestamp":1760058386294,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering","award":["KF2204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KF2204"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Superior selective adsorption of organic dye is still a big challenge in the process of dye wastewater treatment. Meanwhile, low-price and environmentally friendly biomass-based adsorbents show huge potential in the fields of separation and purification. In this study, we adopted the \u201chydrolysis\u2013calcination method\u201d to develop a novel in situ anchoring strategy for ultrasmall TiO2\u2212x on carbonized bacterial cellulose (CBC), which was derived from natural bacterial cellulose. Notably, 3D networks of porous CBC played a dual role for both providing hydrolytic sites and controlling the oxygen vacancies (Vo) of TiO2\u2212x. As for the single-dye adsorption, the TiO2\u2212x\/CBC had a strong adsorption ability (101.4 mg\/g) for removing methylene blue (MB), which was much higher than that of methyl orange (MO), malachite green (MG), rhodamine B (RhB), and tetracyclines (TC). Moreover, under the optimized carbonization temperature (Tc) of 300 \u00b0C, the TiO2\u2212x\/CBC-300 exhibited an outstanding separation efficiency of 97.07% for the MB\/MO solution. Detailed analysis confirmed that Tc was a key regulator for adjusting the Vo concentration, which directly influenced the surface charge density and, further, the separation efficiency of TiO2\u2212x\/CBC. Additionally, the used adsorbent could be easily regenerated from washing by ethanol. After 4 regenerations, the adsorption efficiency declined only by 6.9% after 20 min and 13.6% after 120 min adsorption, respectively. Ultimately, this oxygen vacancy-rich TiO2\u2212x\/BC system illuminated good prospects for mixed dye wastewater adsorption and separation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano15070514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T05:21:04Z","timestamp":1743398464000},"page":"514","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Situ Anchored, Ultrasmall, Oxygen Vacancy-Rich TiO2\u2212x on Carbonized Bacterial Cellulose for the Efficient Adsorption and Separation of Organic Pollutants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7928-5509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Man","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanli","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minmin","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3975-4665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuzhe","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BGRIMM Technology Group, Daxing, Beijing 102600, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhongxi Rare Earth New Materials Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213164, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liwei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"215767","article-title":"Polyoxometalate-based materials against environmental pollutants: A review, Coordin","volume":"507","author":"Aramesh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. 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