{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T21:43:32Z","timestamp":1769636612949,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FKZ:13XP5195K"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FKZ:13XP5195K"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Aalen University of Applied Sciences","award":["FKZ:13XP5195K"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FKZ:13XP5195K"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Submicron particles are widely used in industrial applications due to their unique physical and mechanical properties that enhance the performance of composite materials. In particular, boron carbide particles are valued for their exceptional hardness and high wear resistance and are especially valuable in protective coatings and aerospace applications. However, these particles can agglomerate, significantly impairing their effectiveness. When this occurs during the development of composite materials, physical and mechanical properties are negatively affected. In this paper, a chemical-free method using a non-destructive, open-system dry mechanical deagglomeration technique is developed, leaving the primary particles unaltered, while breaking up strong adhesions between primary particles resulting from the manufacturing process. This method was tested for the deagglomeration of as-received boron carbide submicron particles, with an average primary particle diameter of d50 = 300 nm, and its effect on particle size distribution is presented. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction and true density measurements were carried out on the raw powder. Submicron particles in the dry and as-received state were poured into an experimental mold without a dispersing agent or a protective atmosphere. Static pressure was applied up to 141 MPa to produce tablets at room temperature, finding that 70 MPa yielded the best results in terms of homogeneity, dispersibility, and reproducibility. In order to break apart the densified pressed tablets, ultrasonication was applied before running particle size measurements in the wet dispersed state. Using a tri-laser diffraction light scattering technique, it was determined that particle size distribution followed a Gaussian curve, indicating that this method is suitable to regain the primary submicron particles with uniform properties. It is also shown that applying ultrasound on the as-received powder alone failed to cause the complete deagglomeration of strongly adhering primary particles. These findings suggest that there is no significant wear on the primary particles and no alteration of their surface chemistry, due to the lack of any chemically supported mechanisms such as the alteration of surface charge or the adsorption of surfactants. Furthermore, as the static pressure exerts an immediate impact on all particles in the mold, there is a clear economical advantage in terms of a shorter processing time over other deagglomeration methods such as high shear mixing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano15080611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T06:12:06Z","timestamp":1744783926000},"page":"611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of Dry Chemical-Free Mechanical Pressing on Deagglomeration of Submicron-Sized Boron Carbide Particles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3814-8059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Elkady","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Electrochemical Surface Technology ZEO, Aalen University of Applied Sciences, Beethovenstr. 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0726-4987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timo","family":"S\u00f6rgel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Electrochemical Surface Technology ZEO, Aalen University of Applied Sciences, Beethovenstr. 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E290124226390","DOI":"10.2174\/0118722121281570240122065836","article-title":"Development and Overview of Space Docking Mechanism","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Recent Patents Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sudarsi, R., Sankaranarayanasamy, K., and Kenned, J.J. 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