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In recent years, researchers have significantly enhanced the photocatalytic charge separation efficiency and photocatalytic stability of photocatalysts by regulating semiconductor energy band structures, optimizing interface and surface properties, constructing heterogeneous structures, and introducing noble metal doping. This review systematically summarizes the basic principles, synthesis methods, and modification strategies of nanostructured photocatalysts and focuses on recent research advances in their environmental applications, such as water pollution control, air purification, and carbon dioxide reduction. Meanwhile, this review analyzes current challenges in the field, such as low quantum efficiency, insufficient stability, and limited industrialization, and outlines future development directions, including smart catalytic technology, fabrication of multifunctional composites, and large-scale synthesis, thereby providing a reference for research and application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano15090681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T11:35:13Z","timestamp":1746185713000},"page":"681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Research Progress on the Synthesis of Nanostructured Photocatalysts and Their Environmental Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yanan","family":"Niu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China"},{"name":"School of Art and Design, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1934-8184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tai","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuguang","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China"},{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205902","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202205902","article-title":"The Collision between g-C3N4 and QDs in the Fields of Energy and Environment: Synergistic Effects for Efficient Photocatalysis","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2023.108508","article-title":"Piezo-photocatalysts in the field of energy and environment: Designs, applications, and prospects","volume":"112","author":"Jing","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112544","article-title":"Perovskite oxide for emerging photo(electro)catalysis in energy and environment","volume":"205","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. 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