{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:01:12Z","timestamp":1791223272184,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]],"date-time":"2025-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The dry roots of Polygonum cuspidatum contain resveratrol, a compound known for its antimicrobial and protective effects against oxidative stress, which is associated with impaired wound healing. In this study, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) were loaded with a P. cuspidatum extract (TiO2-loaded extract NPs), and the resveratrol release profile, hemocompatibility, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities were evaluated. The results demonstrated that TiO2-loaded extract NPs exhibited antioxidant activity for DPPH (Inhibitory Concentration 50 (IC50) = 62.31 mg Trolox Equivalent (TE)\/mL) and ABTS+ (IC50 = 4.8 mg TE\/mL) assays, along with suitable hemocompatibility (3.02% at 10 mg\/mL), in comparison with bulk TiO2 NPs. Additionally, temperature influenced the resveratrol release over time. The P. cuspidatum extract alone showed strong antibacterial activity, with a Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 5 \u00b5g\/mL, TiO2-loaded extract NPs showed MIC values about 50 mg\/mL, while bulk TiO2 NPs exhibited no antibacterial effect against the tested strains. In contrast, the P. cuspidatum extract, the TiO2-loaded extract NPs, and the bulk TiO2 NPs did not demonstrate antifungal activity against Candida albicans and C. glabrata. Moreover, TiO2-loaded extract NPs showed no cytotoxicity against the L-929 cell line at concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 150 \u00b5g\/mL, unlike TiO2 NPs, which exhibited high cytotoxic concentrations between 9.4 and 300 \u00b5g\/mL. These findings suggest that TiO2-loaded extract NPs effectively control the release of resveratrol and hold promises for applications in skin management and wound healing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano15120926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T04:20:23Z","timestamp":1750134023000},"page":"926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["TiO2 Nanoparticles Loaded with Polygonum cuspidatum Extract for Wound Healing Applications: Exploring Their Hemolytic, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1309-5160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Fletes-Vargas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Centro Universitario de los Valles (CUVALLES), Universidad de Guadalajara, Ameca 46600, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3383-985X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rogelio","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Centro Universitario de los Valles (CUVALLES), Universidad de Guadalajara, Ameca 46600, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2620-8058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalha Vicentina","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri\u2014UFVJM, Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367-km 583, n\u00b0 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina 39100-000, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly Cristina","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri\u2014UFVJM, Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367-km 583, n\u00b0 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina 39100-000, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0367-8170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilherme","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri\u2014UFVJM, Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367-km 583, n\u00b0 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina 39100-000, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4463-6951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri\u2014UFVJM, Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367-km 583, n\u00b0 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina 39100-000, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5786-7524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Rodrigues-Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri\u2014UFVJM, Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367-km 583, n\u00b0 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina 39100-000, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4635-2610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Espinosa-Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Tecnolog\u00eda Alimentaria, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Asistencia en Tecnolog\u00eda y Dise\u00f1o del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Camino Arenero # 1227, Col. El Baj\u00edo del Arenal, Zapopan 45019, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13601","article-title":"The impact of resveratrol on skin wound healing, scarring, and aging","volume":"19","author":"Hecker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Wound J."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"485","article-title":"Effects of resveratrol on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in embryonic neural stem cells","volume":"8","author":"Konyalioglu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neural. Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheikh, F.A., Majeed, S., and Beigh, M.A. (2023). Natural Hydrogels as Wound Dressing for Skin Wound-Healing Applications. 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