{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T23:09:03Z","timestamp":1791846543737,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]],"date-time":"2025-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR)","award":["NNIBR20253104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNIBR20253104"]}]},{"name":"Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR)","award":["RS-2024-00507931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00507931"]}]},{"name":"Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR)","award":["RS-2024-00507931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00507931"]}]},{"name":"Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR)","award":["RS-2024-00416117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00416117"]}]},{"name":"Materials &amp; Components Technology Development Program","award":["NNIBR20253104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNIBR20253104"]}]},{"name":"Materials &amp; Components Technology Development Program","award":["RS-2024-00507931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00507931"]}]},{"name":"Materials &amp; Components Technology Development Program","award":["RS-2024-00507931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00507931"]}]},{"name":"Materials &amp; Components Technology Development Program","award":["RS-2024-00416117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00416117"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Trade Industry &amp; Energy (MOTIE, Korea)","award":["NNIBR20253104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNIBR20253104"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Trade Industry &amp; Energy (MOTIE, Korea)","award":["RS-2024-00507931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00507931"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Trade Industry &amp; Energy (MOTIE, Korea)","award":["RS-2024-00507931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00507931"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Trade Industry &amp; Energy (MOTIE, Korea)","award":["RS-2024-00416117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00416117"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["NNIBR20253104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNIBR20253104"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["RS-2024-00507931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00507931"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["RS-2024-00507931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00507931"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["RS-2024-00416117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00416117"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigates the potential use of the freshwater centric diatom Stephanocyclus\u00a0meneghinianus as a sustainable source of high-purity biosilica. We analyzed its morphology, microstructure, and optimal culture conditions, and developed a pretreatment method to recover intact biosilica frustules. The isolated diatoms exhibited small and uniform cell sizes (8\u201310 \u03bcm) with distinctive features such as regularly arranged spines, striae, and fultoportulae. Electron microscopy revealed around 4000 nanoscale pores per valve, mostly along the costae. The pretreatment process using ethanol and hydrogen peroxide effectively removed organic materials and mucilage, preserving the structural integrity of the biosilica. Crystallinity analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of the biosilica, indicating good biodegradability, while elemental analysis showed its composition as being primarily of silicon and oxygen. Growth optimization experiments revealed the highest specific growth rate in DM medium at 20\u201325 \u00b0C under light intensities of 60\u2013120 \u03bcmol m\u22122 s\u22121. These results demonstrate that S. meneghinianus can be cultured efficiently to produce biodegradable biosilica with well-defined nanostructures. This biosilica shows promise for applications in biomaterials, nanotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and environmental remediation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano15130971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T10:44:41Z","timestamp":1750761881000},"page":"971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cultivation Optimization and Structural Characterization of Stephanocyclus\u00a0meneghinianus for Sustainable High-Quality Biosilica Production"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5237-5275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daeryul","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Protist Research Division, Biological Resources Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), 137, Donam 2-gil, Sangju-si 37182, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1587-2402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoseph","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1080-0733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaehong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Encountter the Ecology, Gwanggyojungang-ro 248, Yeongtonggu, Suwon 16512, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2948-0269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Deuk","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Protist Research Division, Biological Resources Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), 137, Donam 2-gil, Sangju-si 37182, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taek","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"284","article-title":"Ecology of freshwater diatoms and diatom communities","volume":"13","author":"Patrick","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biol. 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