{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T18:59:12Z","timestamp":1785351552332,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Seville","award":["2022\/00000444"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/00000444"]}]},{"name":"University of Seville","award":["2024\/000000057208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024\/000000057208"]}]},{"name":"University of Seville","award":["2023\/00000313"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/00000313"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing shortage of drinking water, driven by reduced rainfall and the intensification of industrial and agricultural activities, has raised justified concerns about the quantity and quality of available water resources. These sectors not only demand high water consumption but also discharge large amounts of toxic substances such as organic matter, metal ions and inorganic anions, posing risks to both public health and the environment. This study evaluated the effectiveness of clay-based nanomaterials in the treatment of contaminated industrial wastewater from the mining sector. The materials tested included montmorillonite, high-loading expandable synthetic mica, and their organically functionalized forms (MMT, Mica-Na-4, C18-MMT, and C18-Mica-4). The experimental results show that these clays had minimal impact on the pH of the water, while a notable decrease in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was observed. Ion chromatography indicated an increase in nitrogen and sulfur compounds with higher oxidation states. Inductively coupled plasma analysis revealed a significant reduction in the calcium concentration and an increase in the sodium concentration, likely due to cation exchange mechanisms. However, the removal of copper and iron was ineffective, possibly due to competitive interactions with other cations in the solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the structural modifications and interlayer spacing changes in the clay materials upon exposure to contaminated water. These findings demonstrate the potential of clay minerals as effective and low-cost materials for the remediation of industrial wastewater.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano15151211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T08:09:35Z","timestamp":1754640575000},"page":"1211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Clay Nanomaterials Sorbents for Cleaner Water: A Sustainable Application for the Mining Industry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Molina-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, E-41012 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7023-5775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"Santos Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, E-41012 Seville, Spain"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Interdisciplinar de Materiais Avan\u00e7ados, LIMAV, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancia e Engenharia de Materiais, PPGCM, Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed, UFPI, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3051-5094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Prado Feitosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, E-41012 Seville, Spain"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Interdisciplinar de Materiais Avan\u00e7ados, LIMAV, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancia e Engenharia de Materiais, PPGCM, Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed, UFPI, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0988-2970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edson C.","family":"Silva-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Interdisciplinar de Materiais Avan\u00e7ados, LIMAV, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancia e Engenharia de Materiais, PPGCM, Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed, UFPI, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7089-3244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josy A.","family":"Osajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Interdisciplinar de Materiais Avan\u00e7ados, LIMAV, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancia e Engenharia de Materiais, PPGCM, Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed, UFPI, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1353-9331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santiago","family":"Medina-Carrasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"X-Ray Laboratory (CITIUS), University of Seville, E-41012 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6659-1518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda del Mar","family":"Orta Cuevas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, E-41012 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106936","article-title":"Global Water Shortage and Potable Water Safety; Today\u2019s Concern and Tomorrow\u2019s Crisis","volume":"158","author":"Salehi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. 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