{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:38:31Z","timestamp":1791837511599,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"French National Research Agency through the DOSETTE","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-17-CE24-0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-17-CE24-0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"IMINEN","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-22-CE09-0032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-22-CE09-0032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"facilities, and the scientific and technical assistance of the CMTC characterization platform of Grenoble INP"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The chemical bath deposition of ZnO nanowires is of high interest for many functional devices, but the typical use of hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) molecules forming formaldehyde as a harmful substance raises health, environment, and regulation issues. After a careful review of the multiple roles of HMTA molecules, we unambiguously show, using X-ray near-edge structure absorption spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation, that they do not form any complexes with the Zn(II) species, both in the low- and high-pH regions. In contrast and in agreement with thermodynamic computations, [Zn(H2O)6]2+ and Zn(NH3)42+ ion complexes are revealed to be the predominant Zn(II) species in the low- and high-pH regions. The use of HMTA molecules is found to be critical to form ZnO nanowires with a high aspect ratio in the low-pH region. In contrast, HMTA molecules are shown to be fully substituted by ammonia in the high-pH region to form ZnO nanowires with a high structural and optical quality. The removal of HMTA molecules for the chemical bath deposition of ZnO nanowires in the high-pH region represents a significant step forward towards the development of a chemical synthesis fully compatible with green chemistry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano15201574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T12:17:02Z","timestamp":1760617022000},"page":"1574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Towards the Removal of HMTA Molecules in the Chemical Bath Deposition of ZnO Nanowires"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6675-177X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrien","family":"Baillard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8517-535X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estelle","family":"Appert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4425-3662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrice","family":"Wilhelm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38043 Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3779-445X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eirini","family":"Sarigiannidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0171-8746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Consonni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1557\/mrs2010.507","article-title":"Solution growth of functional zinc oxide films and nanostructures","volume":"35","author":"Lincot","year":"2010","journal-title":"MRS Bull."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-011-0160-7","article-title":"One-dimensional ZnO nanostructures: Solution growth and functional properties","volume":"4","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3350","DOI":"10.1021\/jp010026s","article-title":"Purpose-built anisotropic metal oxide material: 3D highly oriented microrod array of ZnO","volume":"105","author":"Vayssieres","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. 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