{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T04:55:36Z","timestamp":1761886536620,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of SEMs and Startups","award":["S3346134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S3346134"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Graphite, with its layered structure and weak van der Waals bonding between graphene nano layers, exhibits excellent self-lubricating properties. Natural graphite, characterized by high crystallinity, and artificial graphite, with relatively low crystallinity, exhibit distinct friction behaviors and structural differences, which significantly influence the performance of graphite\u2013resin composites as solid lubricants. This study investigates the effects of natural\/artificial graphite ratios and hydrophobic silane coupling treatment on the oil impregnation behavior, friction coefficient, wear stability, and microstructural changes in graphite\u2013resin composites. Under a vertical load of 88,260 N and surface pressure of 50 MPa, the impregnated graphite\u2013resin composites demonstrated low friction coefficients and stable wear behavior. SEM analysis revealed well-preserved microstructures, and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of stable lubrication films through the ID\/IG ratio, indicating graphene exfoliation. The results indicate that natural graphite provides dense structures and stable friction, while artificial graphite enhances oil impregnation but leads to unstable friction behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano15211655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T02:48:28Z","timestamp":1761878908000},"page":"1655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimizing the Tribological Performance of Graphite\u2013Resin Composites: The Role of High Crystallinity, Nano Morphology, and Hydrophobic Surface Modification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"So-jung","family":"Baek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Soho-ro, Jinju-si 52851, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yeo-jin","family":"Tak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Soho-ro, Jinju-si 52851, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Da-hyun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Soho-ro, Jinju-si 52851, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seong-yeon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Soho-ro, Jinju-si 52851, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Do-hyun","family":"Um","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SGO Ltd., 28-10, Nandongseoro 113beon-gil, Namgong-gu, Incheon 21695, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwang-youn","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Soho-ro, Jinju-si 52851, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smole\u0144, J., Olesik, P., St\u0119pie\u0144, K., Miku\u015bkiewicz, M., Myalska-G\u0142owacka, H., Kozio\u0142, M., Gawron, A., and Godzierz, M. 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