{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:15:52Z","timestamp":1787159752425,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":201,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Singapore National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["12174266"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12174266"]}]},{"name":"Singapore National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["92250304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92250304"]}]},{"name":"Singapore National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["61935013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61935013"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education (MOE) AcRF Tier 1","award":["RG157\/23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG157\/23"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education (MOE) AcRF Tier 1","award":["RT1123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RT1123"]}]},{"name":"Singapore Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) MTC Individual Research","award":["M24N7c0080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M24N7c0080"]}]},{"name":"Nanyang Assistant Professorship Start Up"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spin angular momentum is a fundamental dynamical property of elementary particles and fields, playing a critical role in light\u2013matter interactions. In optical studies, the optical spin angular momentum is closely linked to circular polarization. Research on the interaction between optical spin and matter or structures has led to numerous novel optical phenomena and applications, giving rise to the emerging field of spin optics. Historically, researchers primarily focused on longitudinal optical spin aligned parallel to the mean wavevector. In recent years, investigations into the spin\u2013orbit coupling properties of confined fields\u2014such as focused beams, guided waves, and evanescent waves\u2014have revealed a new class of optical spin oriented perpendicular to the mean wavevector, referred to as optical transverse spin. In the optical near-field, such transverse spins arise from spatial variations in the momentum density of confined electromagnetic waves, where strong coupling between spin and orbital angular momenta leads to various topological spin structures and properties. Several reviews on optical transverse spin have been published in recent years, systematically introducing its fundamental concepts and the configurations that generate it. In this review, we detail recent advances in spin optics from three perspectives: theory, experimental techniques, and applications, with a particular emphasis on the fundamental physics of transverse spin and the resulting topological structures and characteristics. The conceptual and theoretical framework of spin optics is expected to significantly support further exploration of optical spin-based applications in fields such as optics imaging, topological photonics, metrology, and quantum technologies. Furthermore, these principles can be extended to general classical wave systems, including fluidic, acoustic, and gravitational waves.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano15231798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T13:03:02Z","timestamp":1764594182000},"page":"1798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Optical Spin Angular Momentum: Properties, Topologies, Detection and Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shucen","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanophotonics Research Center, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronic & State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2748-7974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xi","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9583-9412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanophotonics Research Center, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronic & State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6700-9902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yijie","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore"},{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.70.474","article-title":"The Nuclear Induction Experiment","volume":"70","author":"Bloch","year":"1946","journal-title":"Phys. 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