{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T20:28:59Z","timestamp":1790627339464,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme","award":["GA 101058570"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GA 101058570"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The escalating global crisis of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacterial infections, along with the continuous threat of viral outbreaks, poses a serious risk to public health worldwide and underscores the urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies. In this study, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were successfully synthesized and subsequently functionalized with copper to impart broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The oxidation state of copper on the MSN surface was modulated through thermal treatments, allowing the evaluation of its influence on antimicrobial efficacy. The modified MSNs were tested against key bacterial pathogens, including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, achieving complete bactericidal activity after 2 h of exposure to E. coli. Moreover, as well as influenza A (H1N1) pdm09, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and MS2 bacteriophage (MS2) were evaluated, reaching an efficiency higher than 80%, 90%, and 97%, respectively. The results indicated that copper-modified MSNs exhibit potent antibacterial and antiviral activity, highlighting their potential as an antibiotic-free alternative for preventing microbial infections while mitigating the development of AMR bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano15241884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T13:32:37Z","timestamp":1765805557000},"page":"1884","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Copper-Modified Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2188-2850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amaia M.","family":"Goitandia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Qu\u00edmica de Superficies y Nanotecnolog\u00eda, Fundaci\u00f3n Tekniker, I\u00f1aki Goenaga 5, 20600 Eibar, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maialen","family":"Argaiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Qu\u00edmica de Superficies y Nanotecnolog\u00eda, Fundaci\u00f3n Tekniker, I\u00f1aki Goenaga 5, 20600 Eibar, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0031-0394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miren","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Qu\u00edmica de Superficies y Nanotecnolog\u00eda, Fundaci\u00f3n Tekniker, I\u00f1aki Goenaga 5, 20600 Eibar, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4993-6823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgia","family":"Grilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Recchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1399-2794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Amoroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Totaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5985-3767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Ciammaruconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"De Santis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2045-008X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leire","family":"Ruiz Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macromolecular Chemistry Group (LQM), Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana","family":"Arduini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florigio","family":"Lista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.glmedi.2024.100081","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: Impacts, challenges, and future prospects","volume":"2","author":"Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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