{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T01:08:18Z","timestamp":1785892098420,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"SIP-IPN","award":["20250084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20250084"]}]},{"name":"SIP-IPN","award":["20250026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20250026"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>ZnSe nanoparticles were synthesized via the sustainable laser fragmentation in liquids (LFL) technique using a Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm. The pulse energy was varied to study its effect on the particle size and vibrational properties. UV\u2013Vis absorption spectra show a blue shift in the absorption edge with a decreasing pulse energy. The sample processed at the lowest pulse energy has the smallest nanoparticles (10.3 nm average), reaches an optical band gap of 2.83 eV, and exhibits a high-energy shoulder attributed to spin\u2013orbit-related transitions. Raman spectra reveal a strong enhancement of the surface phonon mode (231\u2013234 cm\u22121), where its intensity surpasses that of the longitudinal optical mode, demonstrating the dominant role of surface atoms in the vibrational response. TEM confirms a wide size distribution, i.e., centered at 10.3 \u00b1 6.4 nm, which can account for the simultaneous observation of bulk-like and quantum-confined optical and Raman features. These results show that the pulse energy effectively tunes the nanoparticle size and phonon behavior, positioning LFL as a clean and versatile method for producing ZnSe nanostructures with relevant properties for optoelectronic applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano16030206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T15:24:19Z","timestamp":1770305059000},"page":"206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Green Synthesis of ZnSe Nanoparticles via Laser Fragmentation: Effect of Laser Pulse Energy on Nanoparticle Size and Surface Phonon Modes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3992-509X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Maldonado-Altamirano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Superior de F\u00edsica y Matem\u00e1ticas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Edificio 9, U.P.A.L.M., San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5928-4592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria de los Angeles","family":"Hernandez-Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda en Metalurgia y Materiales, Escuela Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica e Industrias Extractivas, U.P.A.L.M., San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8195-222X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Arturo","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Ara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Superior de F\u00edsica y Matem\u00e1ticas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Edificio 9, U.P.A.L.M., San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07738, Mexico"},{"name":"Centro de An\u00e1lisis y Pron\u00f3sticos Meteorol\u00f3gicos Aeron\u00e1uticos, Servicios a la Navegaci\u00f3n en el Espacio A\u00e9reo Mexicano. Av. 602 161 Zona Federal, Aeropuerto Internacional de la Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 15620, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9560-3717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Sastr\u00e9-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Superior de F\u00edsica y Matem\u00e1ticas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Edificio 9, U.P.A.L.M., San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3051-7118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime","family":"Santoyo-Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chatterjee, A., Kumar, G.K., Roymahapatra, G., Das, H.S., Jaishree, G., and Rao, T.S. (2024). Zinc chalcogenide nanostructures: Synthesis methodologies and applications\u2014A review. Front. Nanotechnol., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnano.2024.1433591"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Somaghian, S.A., Mirzaei, S.Z., Shakib, M.E.K., Marzban, A., Alsallameh, S., and Lashgarian, H.E. (2024). Biogenic zinc selenide nanoparticles fabricated using Rosmarinus officinalis leaf extract with potential biological activity. BMC Complement. Med. 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