{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T11:56:54Z","timestamp":1772107014137,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004504","name":"Research Council of Lithuania","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S-PD-24-94"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S-PD-24-94"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004504","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"ARC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP240103231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP240103231"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effect of the confinement of fluorophores (rhodamine 6G) in nano-cavities of porous 3D sculptured coatings made by glancing-angle deposition (GLAD) was investigated by fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). Shortening of fluorescence\/ photoluminescence lifetime by \u223c10% was observed from the dye-permeated (in liquid) structure; however, there was no rotational hindrance of dye molecules. When dried, a strong rotational hindrance 89% was observed for the orientation along the ordinary optical axis (slow-axis), and the hindrance was smaller than 57% for the extraordinary direction (fast axis). Light-intensity distribution inside the nano-structure with a form birefringence was numerically modeled using plane-wave illumination and a dipole source. Nanoscale localization of light intensity due to dipole nature I\u223c1\/radius6 and boundary conditions for E-field allows efficient energy deposition inside the region of lower refractive index (nanogaps).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano16050296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T10:33:02Z","timestamp":1772101982000},"page":"296","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Photoluminescence of Rhodamine from Nano-Confinement Inside 3D Sculptured Coatings"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8505-5067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina","family":"Grineviciute","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu Ave. 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"Laser Research Center, Physics Faculty, Vilnius University, Saul\u0117tekio Ave. 10, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6279-2291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsin-Hui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia"},{"name":"Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication (MCN), 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6561-6293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haoran","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication (MCN), 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7600-5500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"McMahon-Puce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3813-3744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James W. 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