{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:03:20Z","timestamp":1785402200277,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001352","name":"RSF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25-79-00214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25-79-00214"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001352","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["25-79-00214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25-79-00214"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02yh9se80","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of reproducible and stable plasmon-free substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is critical for practical applications in analytical chemistry. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have emerged as promising candidates due to their unique electronic properties, yet their performance is often constrained by the chemical inertness of their pristine basal planes. This work presents a systematic comparison of crystalline flakes and nanoparticles of tungsten diselenide (WSe2) and tungsten ditelluride (WTe2), prepared via liquid-phase ultrasonic exfoliation and non-equilibrium femtosecond pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL), respectively. The results demonstrate that nanoparticle-based substrates consistently outperform their flake-based counterparts, achieving enhancement factors in the range of 104. The superior performance of the nanoparticles is hypothesized to originate from the synthesis-induced defects and high-curvature regions in the nanoparticles shell which facilitates efficient, defect-mediated charge transfer between the substrate and the analyte. At the same time, the inner polycrystalline volume conserves the important characteristics of the bulk counterparts like excitons in semiconducting WSe2 and broadband absorption in semimetallic WTe2, which unblocks the tunable photothermal colloidal response. The study establishes morphology engineering through non-equilibrium synthesis as a powerful and generalizable strategy for designing high-performance, dual-function colloidal platforms, offering a pathway toward robust and reproducible analytical systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano16090546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T08:46:26Z","timestamp":1777538786000},"page":"546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Morphology-Driven SERS Activation in TMDCs: A Dual-Mode Platform for Sensorics and Theranostics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3386-605X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadezhda M.","family":"Belozerova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova Str. 20, Moscow 123592, Russia"},{"name":"Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie Str. 6, Dubna 141980, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8962-1599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei A.","family":"Ushkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova Str. 20, Moscow 123592, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0896-1137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitriy V.","family":"Dyubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova Str. 20, Moscow 123592, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2373-8812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander V.","family":"Syuy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova Str. 20, Moscow 123592, Russia"},{"name":"Emerging Technologies Research Center, XPANCEO, Internet City, Emmay Tower, Dubai P.O. Box 393047, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Department of General Physics, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm 614990, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6492-9068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander I.","family":"Chernov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova Str. 20, Moscow 123592, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1394-4169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrey A.","family":"Vyshnevyy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova Str. 20, Moscow 123592, Russia"},{"name":"Emerging Technologies Research Center, XPANCEO, Internet City, Emmay Tower, Dubai P.O. Box 393047, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergey M.","family":"Novikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova Str. 20, Moscow 123592, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6664-7881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gleb I.","family":"Tselikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Technologies Research Center, XPANCEO, Internet City, Emmay Tower, Dubai P.O. Box 393047, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7506-4389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksey V.","family":"Arsenin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova Str. 20, Moscow 123592, Russia"},{"name":"Emerging Technologies Research Center, XPANCEO, Internet City, Emmay Tower, Dubai P.O. Box 393047, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1329-8400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir G.","family":"Leiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova Str. 20, Moscow 123592, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2637-1371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentin S.","family":"Volkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Technologies Research Center, XPANCEO, Internet City, Emmay Tower, Dubai P.O. Box 393047, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2890","DOI":"10.1039\/D4TB02525C","article-title":"Nanomaterials and clinical SERS technology: Broad applications in disease diagnosis","volume":"13","author":"Onyemaobi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4946","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00668","article-title":"Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for bioanalysis: Reliability and challenges","volume":"118","author":"Zong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Qin, Z., Deng, J., Zhou, J., Jia, X., Wang, G., and Luo, F. (2022). The advanced applications of 2D materials in SERS. 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