{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T01:54:59Z","timestamp":1790301299848,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015624","name":"University of Jeddah","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MoE-IF-UJ-R2-22-103015-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MoE-IF-UJ-R2-22-103015-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015624","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["MoE-IF-UJ-R2-22-103015-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MoE-IF-UJ-R2-22-103015-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/015ya8798","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tetracycline antibiotics are increasingly detected in aquatic environments because of their ecological risks and persistence, while conventional wastewater treatment processes are often insufficient for their effective removal from water. Here, we introduce a novel 3D graphene oxide-based nanocomposite that stacks Cu-NPs and amino-functionalized MIL-101(Fe) (denoted by Cu\/NH2-MIL-101(Fe)@GO) to effectively remove tetracycline (TC) and oxytetracycline (OTC) from environmental water samples. XPS, XRD, TEM, SEM, and FTIR analyses were conducted to characterize the structure and surface morphology of the Cu\/NH2-MIL-101(Fe)@GO nanocomposite. Overall, it was confirmed that GO, NH2-MIL-101(Fe), and Cu-NPs were successfully incorporated, resulting in a porous material with high access to Cu-related sites as well as oxygen- and nitrogen-based functionalities (such as amino-, hydroxy-, and carboxy-groups). This hybrid system facilitates the adsorption by complementary mechanisms like surface complexation\/chelation at Cu and Fe centers with the pH-dependent tetracycline species in electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, \u03c0\u2013\u03c0 stacking, and molecule confinement in the metal\u2013organic framework (MOF) pores, and by the synergistic effects at the GO\u2013MOF(Fe)\u2013Cu junction interfaces. The batch adsorption studies showed that the quick and efficient uptake of the two antibiotics at pH 6.5, with removal rates of 99.65\u201399.83%, was achieved by 15.0 mg of Cu\/NH2-MIL-101(Fe)@GO at an initial concentration of 20 ppm in 40 min at 25 \u00b0C. Equilibrium data were found to be well-fitted by the Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.908\u20130.909), suggesting monolayer-dominated adsorption with the maximum capacity of 769.8\u2013775.2 mg g\u22121. The adsorption kinetics was well-described by the pseudo-second order model (R2 = 0.9641\u20130.9749), which agreed with the strong binding between the tetracyclines and active sites of the nanocomposite. The main novelty of this work consists of the design of a single recoverable platform integrating GO-based preconcentration, pore accessibility of NH2-MIL-101(Fe), and Cu-driven complexation, which led to the strong removal of tetracyclines under a relevant range of water conditions. These findings demonstrate that Cu\/NH2-MIL-101(Fe)@GO could serve as a promising high-efficiency and potentially reusable adsorbent for removing tetracycline from aqueous solution, which provides a more sustainable approach for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano16090551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T13:32:21Z","timestamp":1777555941000},"page":"551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cu-Nanoparticle-Doped Amino-MIL-101(Fe)-Functionalized Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite: Synthesis, Characterization, Performance Evaluation and Environmental Applications for Enhanced Tetracycline Antibiotic Removal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Doaa S.","family":"Al-Raimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80237, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3911-8025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faten M. Ali","family":"Zainy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80237, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8944-6989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amr A.","family":"Yakout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80237, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2025.136567","article-title":"In situ construction of metal\u2013phenolic networks in chitosan\/polyvinyl alcohol (CS\/PVA) hydrogel beads for efficient tetracycline hydrochloride removal with recyclability from complex water systems","volume":"386","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132917","article-title":"Meta-analysis and empirical research on the effectiveness of biochar in remediating tetracyclines pollution in water bodies","volume":"435","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioresour. 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