{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T02:26:36Z","timestamp":1792895196723,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003852","name":"Regione Campania","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003852","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["UID\/50014\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/50014\/2025"]}]},{"award":["UID\/50014\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/50014\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00snfqn58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["COMPETE2030-FEDER-00890700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COMPETE2030-FEDER-00890700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Haemoglobin (Hb) concentration is a key biomarker for several diseases. Traditional laboratory methods often have limitations due to their time-consuming nature, the need for skilled personnel, or the use of high-cost instrumentation. This work presents a sensing strategy for developing new point-of-care tests (POCTs) for Hb detection via a proof of concept. The proposed sensing approach is implemented using plasmonic plastic optical fiber (POF) sensor chips that integrate an electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer (eMIP) film on the plasmonic surface for Hb-selective detection. The developed sensor system demonstrates an ultra-low detection limit of 80 fM in buffer, about five orders of magnitude lower than that of other comparable Hb sensors. Selectivity tests against common interfering proteins, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG), confirmed high specificity towards the target analyte. Moreover, the sensor\u2019s performance was tested using a whole-blood sample, yielding results consistent with those of standard haematology analysis. The proposed sensor system, based on simple equipment, provides a quick (about 10 min) and cost-effective (about 10 euros per chip) label-free diagnostic tool for POCTs in real-world scenarios, such as finger-prick sampling, offering a less invasive alternative to traditional laboratory methods, towards devices useful for Internet of Medical Things (IoMT).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano16100602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T16:39:34Z","timestamp":1779295174000},"page":"602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Towards Haemoglobin Detection in Finger-Prick Sampling via Low-Cost Disposable Sensor Chips Based on eMIPs on Plasmonic Optical Fiber Probes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7257-0694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosalba","family":"Pitruzzella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1536-2536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalila","family":"Cicatiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1048-3790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Marzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8494-8713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Passeggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Gentile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DAIMEDLABTRASF, Department of Integrated Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6421-9763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Photonics, INESC TEC, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1031-9261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o P.","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Photonics, INESC TEC, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6205-9479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds C. C.","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Photonics, INESC TEC, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8276-9769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Portella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Chiara","family":"Capellupo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4740-2421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maddalena","family":"Casale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8356-7480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Zeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1484-2068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro A. S.","family":"Jorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Photonics, INESC TEC, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7769-0984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nunzio","family":"Cennamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-07-3046","article-title":"The definition of anemia: What is the lower limit of normal of the blood hemoglobin concentration?","volume":"107","author":"Beutler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rochmanto, R.A., Zakaria, H., Alviana, R.D., and Shahib, N. 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