{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T17:14:06Z","timestamp":1783617246981,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, green-synthesized silver nanoparticles derived from Zingiber officinale (G-AgNPs) were investigated as potential modulators of transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), a host-associated protease involved in viral entry mechanisms. Before nanoparticle synthesis, the phytochemical composition of ginger extract was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array detection. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using aqueous ginger extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet\u2013visible spectroscopy (UV\u2013Vis.), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The synthesized silver nanoparticles exhibited a face-centered cubic (fcc) crystalline structure, nanoscale particle size distribution, and moderate colloidal stability. Transmission electron microscopy revealed predominantly quasi-spherical nanoparticles with an average diameter of 10.61 \u00b1 1.31 nm, while X-ray diffraction indicated an average crystallite size of 15.28 \u00b1 5.48 nm. Biological evaluation demonstrated robust, broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, with distinct susceptibility profiles. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values were 3.125 \u00b5g\/mL and 12.5 \u00b5g\/mL, and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values were 6.25 \u00b5g\/mL and 25.0 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively. Cell culture assays confirmed high cytocompatibility with L929 fibroblasts at all tested concentrations. In a fluorometric enzyme assay, the silver nanoparticles inhibited TMPRSS2 activity in a concentration-dependent manner, achieving 51.24% inhibition at 100 \u00b5g\/mL and an estimated IC50 of 40.06 \u00b5g\/mL. Although the inhibitory activity was lower than that of Camostat, the findings suggest that ginger-mediated silver nanoparticles represent promising plant-based nano-bioactive systems for further investigation of TMPRSS2 modulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano16140836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T16:16:44Z","timestamp":1783613804000},"page":"836","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Zingiber officinale: Physicochemical Characterization, Antibacterial Activity, and TMPRSS2-Modulating Potential"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9584-676X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ozlem","family":"Tavukcuoglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Hamidiye Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3062-2404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatih","family":"Ciftci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vak\u0131f University, Istanbul 34445, Turkey"},{"name":"Biomedical Electronic Design Application and Research Center (BETAM), Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vak\u0131f University, Istanbul 34445, Turkey"},{"name":"BioriginAI Research Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vak\u0131f University, Istanbul 34445, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nil\u00fcfer","family":"Evcimen Duygulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duygu","family":"Misirli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Hamidiye Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1502-1141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahfuz","family":"Elmasta\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Hamidiye Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8694-259X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet Akif","family":"K\u0131z\u0131lkurtlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlas University, Istanbul 34408, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Radulescu, D.M., Surdu, V.A., Ficai, A., Ficai, D., Grumezescu, A.M., and Andronescu, E. 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