{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:08:28Z","timestamp":1785424108023,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FONDEC-UAQ","award":["1003111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1003111"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, novel nanobiotechnological approaches have been developed to reduce the impact of pollutants during the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs). To do so, green synthesis methods have now become widely adopted, using biomolecules to produce high-quality, stable nanoparticles. In this work, we employed the K1 toxin produced by S. cerevisiae as a reducing and capping agent for silver nanoparticles. The synthesis of Ag-K1 NPs was carried out using a concentrated protein fraction from the culture medium of S. cerevisiae 42300 containing the secreted K1 toxin. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized using UV\u2013Vis spectroscopy, STEM, EDS, and FTIR, and the antimicrobial efficacy was determined against S. cerevisiae, P. aeruginosa, and B. subtilis. The synthesized NPs showed high antimicrobial efficacy, killing all tested strains; additionally, dose\u2013response modeling suggested differential activity among the nanoparticles. This work reports, for the first time, the bio-assisted synthesis and antimicrobial characterization of silver nanoparticles associated with K1 killer toxin-containing protein fractions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano16150918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T16:11:56Z","timestamp":1785168716000},"page":"918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antimicrobial Effect of Silver Nanoparticles Capped with Killer Yeast-Derived Protein Fractions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7998-3719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Molina-Vera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biof\u00edsica de Membranas y Nanotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Av. De las Ciencias S\/N, Juriquilla, Quer\u00e9taro 76010, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Morales-Tlalpan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biof\u00edsica de Membranas y Nanotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Av. De las Ciencias S\/N, Juriquilla, Quer\u00e9taro 76010, Mexico"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Visualizaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica Avanzada, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Quer\u00e9taro 7601, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7117-6781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Campos-Guill\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Santiago de Quer\u00e9taro, Cerro de las Campanas S\/N, Quer\u00e9taro 76010, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5866-4825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge Luis","family":"Ch\u00e1vez-Serv\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Av. De las Ciencias S\/N, Juriquilla, Quer\u00e9taro 76010, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8178-7911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Salda\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biof\u00edsica de Membranas y Nanotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Av. 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