{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T12:30:30Z","timestamp":1786365030177,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UFA-ESPE"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to synthesize copper(I) iodide nanoparticles (CuI NPs) through a green route using taxo (banana passion fruit) extract as a natural capping and stabilizing agent, and to evaluate their antimicrobial performance against microorganisms isolated from concrete, together with a preliminary cytotoxicity screening. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet\u2013visible spectroscopy (UV\u2013Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM\u2013EDS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). UV\u2013Vis spectra recorded in the 200\u2013704 nm range showed a strong absorption band at 224 nm, consistent with electronic transitions associated with nanostructured CuI. FTIR analysis revealed extract-derived biomolecules adsorbed on the nanoparticle surface, with bands assigned to aliphatic C\u2013H, aromatic moieties, and C\u2013O\/C\u2013O\u2013C vibrations, supporting the formation of an organic capping layer. DLS analysis showed a mean hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 32 nm in aqueous suspension, whereas TEM revealed particle sizes ranging from 13 to 42 nm. XRD confirmed a predominantly cubic CuI phase, while SEM\u2013EDS identified Cu and I as the main elements, with minor signals attributed to residual organic coating and\/or trace species from the synthesis medium. The CuI NPs exhibited antimicrobial activity against microorganisms isolated from medium-strength concrete, producing inhibitory effects at all tested concentrations (0.014, 0.0087, and 0.0035 mol\/L). Preliminary cytotoxicity screening using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in human foreskin fibroblast (HFF), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7), and human glioblastoma (U251) cell lines showed dose- and time-dependent reductions in metabolic viability. The 1.0 mol\/L formulations, particularly the precipitated fraction, produced stronger cytotoxic effects, whereas the 0.1 mol\/L formulations, especially the residual fraction, preserved comparatively higher metabolic viability. Overall, these findings suggest that taxo-mediated CuI NPs are promising antimicrobial candidates for concrete biodeterioration control, while further colloidal and biological studies are required to better define their behavior under cell-culture conditions and optimize their safe application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano16160976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T11:38:09Z","timestamp":1786361889000},"page":"976","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Banana Passion Fruit-Mediated Green Synthesis of Copper(I) Iodide Nanoparticles for Concrete Biodeterioration Control: Antimicrobial Activity, Cytotoxicity, and Mechanical Compatibility"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Samantha","family":"Fajardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. Gral. Rumi\u00f1ahui s\/n, Sangolqu\u00ed P.O. Box 171-5-231B, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9877-8846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Izquierdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. Gral. Rumi\u00f1ahui s\/n, Sangolqu\u00ed P.O. Box 171-5-231B, Ecuador"},{"name":"Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. Gral. Rumi\u00f1ahui s\/n, Sangolqu\u00ed P.O. Box 171-5-231B, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6415-4653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana G.","family":"Haro-B\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y de la Construcci\u00f3n, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. Gral. 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Box 171-5-231B, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9163-7506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Aluisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. Gral. Rumi\u00f1ahui s\/n, Sangolqu\u00ed P.O. Box 171-5-231B, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3902-5083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marbel","family":"Torres Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. Gral. Rumi\u00f1ahui s\/n, Sangolqu\u00ed P.O. Box 171-5-231B, Ecuador"},{"name":"Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. Gral. Rumi\u00f1ahui s\/n, Sangolqu\u00ed P.O. Box 171-5-231B, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Bonifaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y de la Construcci\u00f3n, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. Gral. Rumi\u00f1ahui s\/n, Sangolqu\u00ed P.O. Box 171-5-231B, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Haro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y de la Construcci\u00f3n, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. Gral. Rumi\u00f1ahui s\/n, Sangolqu\u00ed P.O. Box 171-5-231B, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3053-966X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Navas-C\u00e1rdenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Energ\u00eda y Mec\u00e1nica, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. 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