{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T09:25:29Z","timestamp":1787217929060,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["No. 2023YFB3211200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2023YFB3211200"]}]},{"name":"the Yangtze River Delta (Bengbu) Industry-Education Integration and Collaboration Center of the State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Real-time lactate monitoring is essential for clinical diagnostics, sports physiology, and industrial bioprocessing, yet conventional enzymatic sensors suffer from limited stability, narrow operational temperature range, and complex fabrication protocols. Herein, we report a robust non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor based on graphene fibers (GFs), featuring a GF\/Au\/Ni(OH)2 composite electrode with controllable structure fabricated via sequential electrodeposition. Systematic optimization of deposition parameters established a quantitative relationship between surface architecture and electrochemical response, revealing a critical trade-off between active site density and charge transport efficiency. The sensor achieved optimal performance when both Au and Ni(OH)2 were deposited for 900 s, exhibiting a high sensitivity of 1.24 mA mM\u22121 cm\u22122 and a remarkably broad operational temperature range of 0\u2013100 \u00b0C. Moreover, the sensor demonstrates excellent repeatability, superior anti-interference capability against common electroactive species, and outstanding long-term durability with 97.8% response retention after 14 days. This work provides a rational design strategy for balancing catalytic activity and transport properties in metal\u2013metal oxide composites, offering a reliable platform for advanced applications in next-generation wearable health-monitoring systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano16161032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T08:10:20Z","timestamp":1787213420000},"page":"1032","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Temperature-Robust Non-Enzymatic Lactate Sensor Based on Graphene Fiber Composite Electrodes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"},{"name":"International Joint Laboratory for Micro\/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8683-920X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"},{"name":"International Joint Laboratory for Micro\/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weixuan","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, 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Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaxin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"},{"name":"International Joint Laboratory for Micro\/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dejiang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"},{"name":"International Joint Laboratory for Micro\/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, 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