{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:06:56Z","timestamp":1788930416993,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62503301, 62327813, 61905136, 62175139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62503301, 62327813, 61905136, 62175139"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["62503301, 62327813, 61905136, 62175139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62503301, 62327813, 61905136, 62175139"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province","award":["No. 202403021222027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 202403021222027"]}]},{"name":"Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Shanxi Province","award":["YDZJSX2024D001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJSX2024D001"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D Program of Shanxi Province","award":["202302090301014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302090301014"]}]},{"name":"Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Institutions of Higher Education in Shanxi Province","award":["2024L035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024L035"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) gases pose severe threats to public health on account of their toxic, carcinogenic properties and environmental recalcitrance. In addition, their similar molecular structures and chemical inertness complicate the practical quantification of BTX, severely hindering their high-selectivity detection. In this work, a chemiresistive sensor based on F-doped In2O3 nanofibers was constructed. This strategy successfully enhanced the sensor response values toward benzene, toluene, and xylene by approximately 4.3, 4.5, and 4.2 times, respectively. Meanwhile, the limits of detection were reduced from 1, 0.5, and 0.25 ppm to 0.5, 0.25 and 0.05 ppm, respectively. The theoretical lower detection limits for benzene, toluene, and xylene are as low as 9.9 ppb, 5.7 ppb, and 2.5 ppb, respectively. Machine learning methods were further employed for the identification of BTX gases and their binary mixtures. By capturing the distinctive and reproducible patterns of feature vectors from various analytes, the optimal algorithm established decision boundaries and achieved a classification accuracy of 92.1%. Meanwhile, the reasons for the improved gas sensing performance are discussed. Furthermore, a portable wireless gas sensing module based on F-doped In2O3 nanofibers was developed, which can be applied for detecting BTX.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano16171119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T08:07:06Z","timestamp":1788768426000},"page":"1119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["F-Doped In2O3 Nanofibers for Enhanced BTX Detection with a Portable Wireless Sensing Module"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7515-3310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics Technologies and Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"},{"name":"China Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisen","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics Technologies and Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"},{"name":"China Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics Technologies and Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"},{"name":"China Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6258-4943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaobin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics Technologies and Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"},{"name":"China Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics Technologies and Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"},{"name":"China Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics Technologies and Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"},{"name":"China Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiguang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics Technologies and Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"},{"name":"China Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.08.164","article-title":"BTX compounds recognition in humid air using differential ion mobility spectrometry combined with a classifier","volume":"240","author":"Szczurek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. 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