{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T10:05:47Z","timestamp":1789553147004,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Start-up Research Funding for High-level Talents of Jiangsu University of Architectural Technology","award":["90250824523032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90250824523032"]}]},{"award":["90250824523032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90250824523032"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03jc41j30","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Young Doctoral Fund of Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Building Energy Saving and Construct Technology","award":["SJXTBS2104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SJXTBS2104"]}]},{"name":"Development of Vision Inspection System for Laser Marking Machine","award":["902508867H24155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["902508867H24155"]}]},{"name":"2023 Jiangsu Province Educational Science Planning Project","award":["No.B\/2023\/02\/50"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.B\/2023\/02\/50"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we systematically investigate the mechanical response and failure mechanisms of \u03c8-graphene containing elliptical nanoholes. The mechanical reliability of \u03c8-graphene is significantly influenced by the complex interplay between defect geometry and lattice anisotropy. Our findings reveal that for loading along the x-axis, mechanical properties are severely degraded at an aspect ratio (AR) of 1 but unexpectedly recover as the defect becomes more elongated (AR = 1 to 8). In contrast, loading along the y-axis leads to a persistent degradation of the mechanical properties for all AR values. Furthermore, we have investigated the influence of the elliptical defect\u2019s orientation on the mechanical properties relative to the tensile axis. The results reveal a pronounced orientation-dependent anisotropy; notably, the mechanical performance reaches its minimum at a critical tilt angle of 75\u00b0 rather than the expected 90\u00b0. This anomalous behavior is driven by a mixed-mode (shear-tension) failure mechanism, where the elliptical tips align with the lattice\u2019s intrinsic failure planes, significantly lowering the energy barrier for bond rupture. These results provide a new perspective for understanding and modulating the mechanical properties of \u03c8-graphene, serving as quantitative guidance for the potential application of carbon-based two-dimensional materials in nano-devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano16181164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T09:06:37Z","timestamp":1789549597000},"page":"1164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mechanical Response and Fracture Mechanisms of \u03c8-Graphene Containing Elliptical Defects: Effects of Aspect Ratio and Orientation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7191-6855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xu","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Engineering, Jiangsu University of Architectural Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9205-8474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huichao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Shuanghua","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Engineering, Jiangsu University of Architectural Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1102896","article-title":"Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films","volume":"306","author":"Novoselov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat1849","article-title":"The Rise of Graphene","volume":"6","author":"Geim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. 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