{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:55:12Z","timestamp":1790916912484,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"A*STAR","award":["C233312016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C233312016"]}]},{"name":"SERC Central Research Funds"},{"name":"Singapore international graduate award"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The integration of artificial intelligence with physical modeling offers a transformative route for accelerating the design of active nanophotonic devices. Here, we present NanoPhotoNet-Lase, a physics-informed neural network (PINN) framework that embeds the electromagnetic and rate equations of lasing directly into its learning process to expedite the design of metasurface nanolasers. By coupling Maxwell\u2019s vector Helmholtz equation with the four-level population dynamics of dye gain media, the model achieves physics-guided prediction of optical responses, enabling rapid estimation of lasing thresholds across arbitrary nanostructure geometries and material configurations. Using a high-index metasurface cavity, the NanoPhotoNet-Lase model identifies optimized geometries supporting quasi-bound states in the continuum (BICs) with strong confinement and high-quality factors. The predicted lasing was experimentally realized using Rhodamine B dye as the gain medium. The measured lasing threshold (Pth~565 \u00b5J\/cm2) and emission wavelength (\u03bb\u223c620 nm) exhibited &lt;1% deviation from model predictions. Importantly, the framework enables the design of phase-gradient nanolaser metalenses and beam steering that numerically demonstrated coherent, directional, focused or steered emission. This work bridges physics-informed machine learning with experimental nanophotonics, establishing a scalable paradigm for real-time, physically interpretable design of coherent light-emitting metasurfaces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano16191200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T15:35:28Z","timestamp":1790868928000},"page":"1200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["NanoPhotoNet-Lase: Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Accelerated Design of Coherent Metasurface Nanolasers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Omar A. M.","family":"Abdelraouf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Physics and Mathematics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11535, Egypt"},{"name":"Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"014002","DOI":"10.1117\/1.AP.1.1.014002","article-title":"Semiconductor nanolasers and the size-energy-efficiency challenge: A review","volume":"1","author":"Ning","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. 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