{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:11:46Z","timestamp":1792789906680,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2021YFC2801904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2801904"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52575366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52575366"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["52575366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52575366"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key R&D Program of Heilongjiang Province","award":["2024ZXDXB01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZXDXB01"]}]},{"name":"Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","award":["BK20243021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20243021"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","award":["YQ2025E026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YQ2025E026"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["3072025LJ2701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3072025LJ2701"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The influence of the ultrasonic energy field (UEF) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti5321G alloy fabricated by laser melting deposition (LMD) was systematically investigated. The application of UEF promotes the transformation of coarse columnar grains into fine and uniform equiaxed grains, reducing the average grain size from 400.3 \u03bcm to 145.2 \u03bcm, a reduction of 63.7%. Concurrently, the proportion of high-angle grain boundaries increases, and the crystallographic texture is significantly weakened, with the maximum MUD value decreasing by approximately 51.8%. EBSD analysis reveals that the recrystallization fraction substantially increases from 5.3% to 28.1% upon UEF application. As a result, the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and total elongation are improved by 6.2%, 5.2%, and 33.8%, respectively. These property enhancements are mainly ascribed to grain-boundary strengthening from grain refinement and improved strain coordination ability of the equiaxed grain structure. The findings demonstrate that UEF-assisted LMD is an effective approach for achieving simultaneous enhancement of strength and ductility in titanium alloy components.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano16191220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T08:18:46Z","timestamp":1790583526000},"page":"1220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultrasonic Energy Field-Induced Recrystallization-Driven Grain Refinement and Mechanical Property Enhancement in Ti5321G Alloy Manufactured via Laser Melting Deposition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mingxia","family":"Diao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials & Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunhuan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials & Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengchun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yantai Research Institute and Graduate School, Harbin Engineering University, Yantai 264006, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Technology & Equipment, Yantai 264006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yantai Research Institute and Graduate School, Harbin Engineering University, Yantai 264006, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Technology & Equipment, Yantai 264006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabg1487","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abg1487","article-title":"Material-structure-performance integrated laser-metal additive manufacturing","volume":"372","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2025.138600","article-title":"Effects of ultrasonic vibration on mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of Ti-6Al-4V alloy manufactured by laser direct energy deposition","volume":"393","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. 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