{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:09:07Z","timestamp":1792789747013,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan","award":["AP23489847"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP23489847"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05tyne317","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["AP23489847"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP23489847"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05tyne317","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The presence of iron(II) impurities hinders the leaching and purification of magnesium ores. The most viable technological solution is to oxidise Fe2+ to Fe3+, which then precipitates as goethite. However, this process requires the development of new catalysts for use in highly acidic media. This study demonstrates that the Pt0.25\/CeO25\/TiO2 catalyst is highly effective at oxidising Fe2+ in 0.3 M HNO3, outperforming samples supported on pure titanium dioxide or cerium dioxide. The rate constant is 0.304 L\/(mol\u00b7min) at room temperature. Notably, the activation energy is only 10.7 kJ\/mol, which is over five times lower than that of the non-catalytic process. This result was achieved by selectively depositing platinum particles onto highly dispersed cerium dioxide particles (average size ~5 nm), synthesised using the sol\u2013gel method, and then depositing them onto titanium dioxide. Using a hybrid mixed oxide support ensures a high density of oxygen vacancies at the interface between the platinum (Pt) and mixed cerium and titanium dioxide phases. The formation of abundant adsorbed oxygen species enhances the catalytic activity of the Pt0.25\/CeO25\/TiO2 catalyst. The catalyst Pt0.25\/CeO25\/TiO2 also reaches a plateau in terms of efficiency after a durability experiment, which is the highest among the other samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano16191221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T08:18:46Z","timestamp":1790583526000},"page":"1221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hybrid Pt\/CeO2\/TiO2 Catalysts for Low-Temperature Iron(II) Ion Oxidation with Oxygen in Acidic Media"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2153-2802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolay S.","family":"Ivanov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D.V. Sokolsky Institute of Fuel, Catalysis and Electrochemistry JSC, 142 Kunayev Str., Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergey K.","family":"Oparin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D.V. Sokolsky Institute of Fuel, Catalysis and Electrochemistry JSC, 142 Kunayev Str., Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71, Al-Farabi Avenue, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3533-4081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nataliya A.","family":"Ivanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D.V. Sokolsky Institute of Fuel, Catalysis and Electrochemistry JSC, 142 Kunayev Str., Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71, Al-Farabi Avenue, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4797-3374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oleg S.","family":"Kholkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D.V. Sokolsky Institute of Fuel, Catalysis and Electrochemistry JSC, 142 Kunayev Str., Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iskander E.","family":"Adelbayev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D.V. Sokolsky Institute of Fuel, Catalysis and Electrochemistry JSC, 142 Kunayev Str., Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5667-611X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladislav","family":"Kudryashov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D.V. Sokolsky Institute of Fuel, Catalysis and Electrochemistry JSC, 142 Kunayev Str., Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71, Al-Farabi Avenue, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"Renewable Energy Lab, \u201cNational Laboratory Astana\u201d, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave., Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2931-9640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arlan Z.","family":"Abilmagzhanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D.V. Sokolsky Institute of Fuel, Catalysis and Electrochemistry JSC, 142 Kunayev Str., Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1021\/cb300323q","article-title":"The Ubiquity of Iron","volume":"7","author":"Frey","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Holland, H.D., and Turekian, K.K. (2014). Composition of the Continental Crust. Treatise on Geochemistry, Elsevier. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3251","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00224","article-title":"Magnetite and Green Rust: Synthesis, Properties, and Environmental Applications of Mixed-Valent Iron Minerals","volume":"118","author":"Usman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. 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