{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:57:24Z","timestamp":1790830644154,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The convergence of energy storage and electrochemical sensing in a single nanocomposite platform represents a transformative opportunity for next-generation electrochemical interfaces, yet these domains have been largely treated in isolation. This systematic review addresses this gap by analyzing 723 documents from the Scopus database (2010\u20132026) using RStudio (Bibliometrix, v2023.09.1+494), VOSviewer (v1.6.20), and Plotly Studio (v6.5.0) to map publication trends, collaboration networks, and thematic evolution in metal, metal oxide, and carbon-based nanocomposites. The results reveal exponential growth in scientific output (R2 = 0.954), confirming the consolidation of the field. While energy storage topics (supercapacitors, carbon materials) account for 67% of publications within this sensing-and-storage-filtered corpus, the inclusion of sensing-related search terms demonstrates that biosensors and electrochemical sensing have emerged as equally fundamental pillars. Critically, we identify a high-confidence \u201cmultifunctional\u201d cluster\u2014evidenced by the convergence of keywords such as graphene (64.1% confidence) and electrochemical biosensors (54.5%)\u2014indicating a necessary paradigm shift toward integrated platforms that combine storage and detection within a single interface. Geographically, China leads in institutional output, but qualitative excellence is distributed across Germany, India, Taiwan, and South Korea. Graphene remains the dominant transducer platform, while MXenes and metal\u2013organic frameworks are driving multifunctional architectures. This study concludes by identifying structural gaps\u2014namely the historical segregation of storage and sensing research\u2014and proposes a strategic framework to unify both functionalities in future electrochemical interfaces, offering a roadmap for the development of flexible, portable, and sustainable multifunctional devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano16191222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T08:18:46Z","timestamp":1790583526000},"page":"1222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bridging Energy Storage and Electrochemical Sensing: A Bibliometric and Critical Analysis of Metal, Metal Oxide, and Carbon-Based Nanocomposites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Segundo","family":"Rojas-Flores","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda y Arquitectura, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Per\u00fa, Lima 15842, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mois\u00e9s","family":"Gallozzo-Cardenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica del Per\u00fa, Trujillo 13011, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago M.","family":"Benites","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Postgrado, Universidad Se\u00f1or de Sipan, Chiclayo 14001, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9766-4684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Delfin-Narciso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Aplicadas y Nuevas Tecnolog\u00edas, Universidad Privada del Norte, Trujillo 13011, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1282-4130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"An\u00edbal","family":"Alviz-Meza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Continental, Lima 15046, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2025.115368","article-title":"Materials and design strategies for next-generation energy storage: A review","volume":"212","author":"Rahman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2024.07.014","article-title":"Supercapacitors: Overcoming current limitations and charting the course for next-generation energy storage","volume":"141","author":"Khan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2724","DOI":"10.1039\/D2NA00944G","article-title":"Transition metal chalcogenides for next-generation energy storage","volume":"5","author":"Palchoudhury","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nanoscale Adv."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2022.123617","article-title":"Supercapacitors as next generation energy storage devices: Properties and applications","volume":"248","author":"Olabi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1039\/D3MA00822C","article-title":"Metal\u2013organic frameworks for next-generation energy storage devices: A systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Sandhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Adv."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Del Bosque, A., Lampropoulos, G., and Vergara, D. (2024). Nanocomposites for multifunctional sensors: A comprehensive bibliometric exploration. Nanomaterials, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano15010034"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"2109020","article-title":"Surface and interface engineering for electrochemical energy storage and conversion","volume":"38","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Phys.-Chim. Sin."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1039\/D3EE04183B","article-title":"Interface engineering toward stable lithium\u2013sulfur batteries","volume":"17","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2023.02.002","article-title":"Deciphering engineering principle of three-phase interface for advanced gas-involved electrochemical reactions","volume":"80","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Energy Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7802","DOI":"10.1039\/D3CS00445G","article-title":"Interfacial engineering of transition metal dichalcogenide\/carbon heterostructures for electrochemical energy applications","volume":"52","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6547","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.3c08132","article-title":"Waste-to-wealth strategy: Ti3AlC2-max-supported WS2\/halloysite nanocomposite for the removal of nickel metal ions from wastewater with machine learning simulation and subsequent application in supercapacitors","volume":"12","author":"Mashkoor","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01857","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.202501857","article-title":"A Review on Recent Developments in Carbon Nanotube-Based Composite Materials for Electrochemical Sensors and Supercapacitor Applications","volume":"10","author":"Thali","year":"2025","journal-title":"ChemistrySelect"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.36347\/sjet.2025.v13i08.006","article-title":"Advances in nanomaterials for next-generation lithium-ion and solid-state batteries: A physicsdriven review","volume":"13","author":"Siddique","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sch. J. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"3333","article-title":"How to design bibliometric research: An overview and a framework proposal","volume":"18","author":"Kocaman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev. Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.frl.2021.102520","article-title":"A bibliometric review of finance bibliometric papers","volume":"47","author":"Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Finance Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"080035","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0259749","article-title":"Research trends computational thinking for science education: A bibliometric analysis","volume":"3206","author":"Susilawati","year":"2025","journal-title":"AIP Conf. Proc."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2021.105906","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 Statement: An Updated Guideline for Reporting Systematic Reviews","volume":"88","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suchikova, Y., Nazarovets, S., and Popov, A.I. (2025). Electrochemical Etching vs. Electrochemical Deposition: A Comparative Bibliometric Analysis. Electrochem, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/electrochem6020018"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5215","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.5c00534","article-title":"Dual-mode electrochemical biosensor based on gold nanoparticles\/two-dimensional MoWS2\/graphene oxide composite for detection of glycated albumin and glucose toward advancing diabetes diagnosis","volume":"8","author":"Anuthum","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15213","DOI":"10.1039\/D5TB01416F","article-title":"Molecularly imprinted polymer-integrated nanozymes for biosensing: Advances and prospects","volume":"13","author":"Abdulsada","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alizadeh, N., Georgas, A., Argirusis, C., Sourkouni, G., and Argirusis, N. (2026). Polymer coatings for electrochemical biosensors. Coatings, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings16020164"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2010.05.011","article-title":"Graphene for electrochemical sensing and biosensing","volume":"29","author":"Pumera","year":"2010","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2011.04.007","article-title":"Noble metal nanomaterials: Controllable synthesis and application in fuel cells and analytical sensors","volume":"6","author":"Guo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3959","DOI":"10.1021\/nn100852h","article-title":"Platinum nanoparticle ensemble-on-graphene hybrid nanosheet: One-pot, rapid synthesis, and used as new electrode material for electrochemical sensing","volume":"4","author":"Guo","year":"2010","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8778","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA09577A","article-title":"A review on graphene-based nanocomposites for electrochemical and fluorescent biosensors","volume":"9","author":"Krishnan","year":"2019","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2014.04.013","article-title":"A review of recent advances in nonenzymatic glucose sensors","volume":"41","author":"Tian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2010.09.046","article-title":"Conductive polymer-based sensors for biomedical applications","volume":"26","author":"Nambiar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2015.08.004","article-title":"TiO2 nanoparticle modified organ-like Ti3C2 MXene nanocomposite encapsulating hemoglobin for a mediator-free biosensor with excellent performances","volume":"74","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2018.02.054","article-title":"A wearable electrochemical glucose sensor based on simple and low-cost fabrication supported micro-patterned reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite electrode on flexible substrate","volume":"109","author":"Xuan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2012.08.045","article-title":"Direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase at electrochemically reduced graphene oxide-multiwalled carbon nanotubes hybrid material modified electrode for glucose biosensor","volume":"41","author":"Mani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2910","DOI":"10.1021\/nn100145x","article-title":"Solution chemistry of self-assembled graphene nanohybrids for high-performance flexible biosensors","volume":"4","author":"Choi","year":"2010","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2017.06.054","article-title":"Designed graphene-peptide nanocomposites for biosensor applications: A review","volume":"985","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vignesh, S., Ahmad, K., and Oh, T.H. (2025). Progress in nickel MOF-based materials for electrochemical biosensor and supercapacitor applications. Biosensors, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/bios15090560"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2016.04.005","article-title":"Next-generation polymer nanocomposite-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors: A review","volume":"82","author":"Shrivastava","year":"2016","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2019.02.006","article-title":"Fabrication of hollow CuO\/PANI hybrid nanofibers for non-enzymatic electrochemical detection of H2O2 and glucose","volume":"286","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2018.01.008","article-title":"MoS2 nanostructures for electrochemical sensing of multidisciplinary targets: A review","volume":"102","author":"Sinha","year":"2018","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2016.07.067","article-title":"High-performance glucose biosensor based on chitosan-glucose oxidase immobilized polypyrrole\/Nafion\/functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes bio-nanohybrid film","volume":"482","author":"Shrestha","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14837","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-025-11307-5","article-title":"Recent progress in graphene-based nanocomposites for enhanced energy storage and corrosion protection","volume":"60","author":"Vinodhini","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15812","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b04132","article-title":"Honeycomb-like porous carbon\u2013cobalt oxide nanocomposite for high-performance enzymeless glucose sensor and supercapacitor applications","volume":"7","author":"Madhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"e70662","article-title":"An Overview of Recent Progress of Green Nano-Composites for Sustainable Energy Storage Applications","volume":"8","author":"Protyai","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eng. Rep."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Attal, A., Kumar, B., and Dahiya, M. (2025). The Future of Carbon-Based Nanocomposites in Sustainable Applications. Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Sustainable Applications, Volume I: Fundamentals and Material Innovations, Springer Nature.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-95306-4_12"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"265","article-title":"Nanocomposites in energy conversion","volume":"10","author":"Jameel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phys. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Singh, R.K. (2025). One-dimensional nanocomposites for renewable energies. Nanotechnology for Next-Generation Energy Storage, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vikal, S., Gautam, D., Kumar, A., Khan, R., Gautam, Y.K., Kumar, A., and Singh, N. (2026). Carbon-Based Nanocomposites (CBNs) for Environmental Energy Harvesting Applications. Sustainable Composites for Future Trends in Renewable Energy, Bentham Science Publishers.","DOI":"10.2174\/9798898812225126010018"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2025.116102","article-title":"Ti3C3Tx\/CNTs nanohybrid-modified glassy carbon electrode for ultra-sensitive electrochemical detection of Ochratoxin A","volume":"219","author":"Kamran","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sura, A., Singh, A., Singh, A., Sehrawat, V., Narwal, S., Dahiya, B., Phor, L., and Nain, S. (2025). Challenges and Limitations in the Ap-plication of Carbon-Based Nanocomposites. Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Sustainable Applications, Volume I: Fundamentals and Material Innovations, Springer Nature.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-95306-4_13"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1007\/s11581-025-06884-z","article-title":"A comprehensive review of graphene-based nanocomposites for high-performance energy storage: Advances in design, electrochemical mechanisms, and future prospects","volume":"32","author":"Priyadharshini","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ionics"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2500121","DOI":"10.1002\/adsu.202500121","article-title":"Recent Advances in Graphene-Based Metal Oxide Composites for Supercapacitors: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"9","author":"Yallur","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sustain. Syst."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yelwa, J.M., Aliyu, B.M., Drammeh, A., Kalu, K.M., Fall, G.A., and Musa, H. (2025). Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Chemical Batteries. Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Sustainable Applications, Volume II: Energy and Environmental Innovations, Springer Nature.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-96895-2_2"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33162","DOI":"10.1039\/D5RA04806K","article-title":"Multifunctional transition metal oxide\/graphene oxide nanocomposites for catalytic dye degradation, renewable energy, and energy storage applications","volume":"15","author":"Pasindu","year":"2025","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6695","DOI":"10.1007\/s11581-025-06393-z","article-title":"A brief review: Transition metal oxides with carbon composite materials for high-performance supercapacitor, applications, fabrication methods, and future perspective","volume":"31","author":"Yadav","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ionics"},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"57","article-title":"Hybrid Electrocatalysts: Next-Generation Composites for Storing Energy in a Sustainable Way","volume":"182","author":"Suresh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Habib, H., Aggarwal, M., and Husain, S. (2025). Metal Oxides In Supercapacitors: A Cutting Edge Review for Next Generation Energy Storage. Nanomaterials for Sensors and Sustainable Energy Volume 2, Springer Nature.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-96-0664-1_8"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1134\/S106378262460219X","article-title":"Review on the Recent Developments in Magnetic Nanocomposites for Energy Storage Applications","volume":"59","author":"Rohith","year":"2025","journal-title":"Semiconductors"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Awan, S.U., Shah, S.A., Hussain, D., Perveen, F., Hussain, S., Rafique, M., and Yousuf Khan, M. (2025). Metal oxide\u2013carbon composites in next generation solar cells. Specialist Periodical Reports\u2014Nanoscience, Royal Society of Chemistry.","DOI":"10.1039\/9781837677481-00090"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1515\/revic-2024-0017","article-title":"Carbon-based nanomaterials: Synthesis, types and fuel applications: A mini-review","volume":"45","author":"Sajid","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rev. Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Periasamy, P., and Sowmiya, V. (2025). Hybridized Nanocomposites for Printable and Flexible Supercapacitors: Evolving Next-Generation Energy Storage. National Symposium on Recent Advances in Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Springer Nature.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-09633-3_7"},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"13151","article-title":"Review on carbon nanostructures for supercapacitors: Cutting-edge energy storage applications and perspectives","volume":"39","author":"Mishra","year":"2025","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1177\/87560879211010313","article-title":"Polymer dots and derived hybrid nanomaterials: A review","volume":"37","author":"Kausar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Plast. Film Sheeting"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rechem.2025.102629","article-title":"Recent advances in two-dimensional layered nanomaterials for electrochemical sensing of folic acid: From fundamentals to real-world application","volume":"18","author":"Ghrib","year":"2025","journal-title":"Results Chem."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-025-15660-8","article-title":"Design and characterization of Co-MOF\/CrCo2O4 nanocomposites on carbon paper electrode for supercapacitors and bio-sensor applications","volume":"36","author":"Razzaq","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2025.128555","article-title":"Hydrogel-coated microneedle biosensor for selective and low-potential glucose detection in skin-mimicking interstitial fluid phantoms","volume":"297","author":"Majd","year":"2026","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"Gupta, R.B., Bilal, M., Nguyen, T.A., Iqbal, H.M.N., and Yasin, G. (2024). Mxene-Based Hybrid Nano-Architectures for Environmental Remediation and Sensor Applications: From Design to Applications, Elsevier. Micro and Nano Technologies Series."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00862","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.202500862","article-title":"Progress and Perspectives in Poly (meth) Acrylate\/Acrylamide Derived Biosensing Technologies","volume":"47","author":"T","year":"2026","journal-title":"Macromol. Rapid Commun."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1007\/s11581-025-06838-5","article-title":"Advancements in polyaniline-based electrochemical sensors for glucose monitoring: Enzymatic and non-enzymatic approaches","volume":"32","author":"Chougale","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ionics"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.46670\/JSST.2025.34.2.67","article-title":"Fabrication of Nanopillars-Based Raman Substrates for Maximizing SERS Effects: Focusing on Advancement and Applications","volume":"34","author":"Chai","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Sens. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2021.125366","article-title":"A green approached biocomposite: Iron (III) oxide dissemination over cassava starch for selective detection of epinephrine","volume":"276","author":"Thenrajan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2201501","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202201501","article-title":"Advances in the Translation of Electrochemical Hydrogel-Based Sensors","volume":"12","author":"Shafique","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2016.01.075","article-title":"Hierarchical porous microspheres of the Co3O4@ graphene with enhanced electrocatalytic performance for electrochemical biosensors","volume":"89","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2018.01.014","article-title":"Biomolecule-embedded metal-organic frameworks as an innovative sensing platform","volume":"36","author":"Kempahanumakkagari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.133564","article-title":"Quantum dot synthesis from waste biomass and its applications in energy and bioremediation","volume":"293","author":"Ahuja","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-009-0146-3","article-title":"Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping","volume":"84","author":"Waltman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)60295-7","article-title":"New options in assisted reproduction technology: The Cryotop method of oocyte vitrification","volume":"17","author":"Cobo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"}],"container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4991\/16\/19\/1222\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:26:45Z","timestamp":1790828805000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4991\/16\/19\/1222"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["nano16191222"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nano16191222","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-4991"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-4991","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]}}}