{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T00:26:05Z","timestamp":1793233565239,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Urban air pollution has driven the use of photocatalytic concrete for pavement applications, in which nano-ZnO has emerged as an alternative to nano-TiO2. However, its higher solubility raises concerns regarding the release of Zn2+ into the aquatic environment. In this context, this study evaluated whether the incorporation of nano-ZnO, at a proportion of 9% relative to the mass of Portland cement, increases the toxicity of pavement concrete leachates toward D. magna, compared to conventional concrete. The nano-ZnO powder was physicochemically characterized (XRD, EDXRF, TEM, FTIR, TG\/DTG, and colloidal behavior), and the leachates from the conventional and 9% nano-ZnO concretes, obtained by an accelerated TCLP-based leaching of crushed concrete, were characterized by ICP-MS and FTIR. Acute (48 h) and chronic (21 days) toxicity were evaluated for the nano-ZnO powder, for the reference leachate (conventional concrete; data from our previous study), and for the leachate from the nano-modified concrete. ICP-MS indicated that at most ~0.07\u20130.08% of the total incorporated zinc was leached, and no Zn\u2013O band was detected by FTIR in the freeze-dried leachates, which is consistent with, although it does not prove, the retention of ZnO in the cementitious matrix. In the acute assay, the EC50, 48 h of the nano-modified leachate (10.5% v\/v of the concentrated extract) did not differ significantly from that of the reference leachate (10.4% v\/v; EC50 ratio 1.01, 95% CI 0.87\u20131.17) and was not attributable to dissolved zinc alone. In a 21-day assay based on OECD TG 211, the nano-modified leachate caused no adverse effect on longevity, size, reproduction, or age at first brood up to the highest concentration tested, whereas the reference leachate caused a slight reduction in size. Overall, nano-ZnO incorporation did not produce additional toxicity toward D. magna under the tested conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano16191265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T10:13:02Z","timestamp":1791367982000},"page":"1265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Leaching, Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Nano-ZnO Incorporated into Photocatalytic Concrete for Pavement Applications Toward Daphnia magna"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Facin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rua Engenheiro Agron\u00f4mico Andrei Cristian Ferreira, Trindade, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1911-9146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Victor","family":"Staub de Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rua Engenheiro Agron\u00f4mico Andrei Cristian Ferreira, Trindade, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2386-0578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William Gerson","family":"Matias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rua Engenheiro Agron\u00f4mico Andrei Cristian Ferreira, Trindade, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/s41062-023-01060-6","article-title":"A systematic review on photocatalytic concrete for pavement applications: An innovative solution to reduce air pollution","volume":"8","author":"Chouhan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Innov. 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