{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T15:29:42Z","timestamp":1790522982307,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]],"date-time":"2018-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["276696"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["276696"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["720303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["720303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lignin has interesting functionalities to be exploited in adhesives for medicine, foods and textiles. Nanoparticles (NPs) &lt; 100 nm coated with poly (L-lysine), PL and poly(L-glutamic acid) PGA were prepared from the laccase treated lignin to coat nanocellulose fibrils (CNF) with heat. NPs ca. 300 nm were prepared, \u03b2-casein coated and cross-linked with transglutaminase (Tgase) to agglutinate chamois. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to characterize polymerized lignin, while zeta potential and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to ensure coating of colloidal lignin particles (CLPs). Protein adsorption on lignin was studied by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was exploited to examine interactions between different polymers and to image NPs with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Tensile testing showed, when using CLPs for the adhesion, the stress improved ca. 10 and strain ca. 6 times compared to unmodified Kraft. For the \u03b2-casein NPs, the values were 20 and 8, respectively, and for the \u03b2-casein coated CLPs between these two cases. When NPs were dispersed in adhesive formulation, the increased Young\u2019s moduli confirmed significant improvement in the stiffness of the joints over the adhesive alone. Exploitation of lignin in nanoparticulate morphology is a potential method to prepare bionanomaterials for advanced applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano8121001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,4]],"date-time":"2018-12-04T03:01:37Z","timestamp":1543892497000},"page":"1001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Colloidal Lignin Particles as Adhesives for Soft Materials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1646-6609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maija-Liisa","family":"Mattinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioproduct Chemistry, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Riviere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioproduct Chemistry, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Henn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioproduct Chemistry, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robertus Wahyu N.","family":"Nugroho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioproduct Chemistry, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Leskinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioproduct Chemistry, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Outi","family":"Nivala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Jos\u00e9","family":"Valle-Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioproduct Chemistry, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauri A.","family":"Kostiainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3558-9172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"\u00d6sterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioproduct Chemistry, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10387","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-015-6970-x","article-title":"Enzymatic processing of protein-based fibers","volume":"99","author":"Fu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45098","DOI":"10.1002\/app.45098","article-title":"Surface modification of textile material through deposition of regenerated silk fibroin","volume":"134","author":"Ngo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. 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