{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T22:50:27Z","timestamp":1770331827153,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]],"date-time":"2019-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018R1D1A1B07048562"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1D1A1B07048562"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018R1A5A2020732"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1A5A2020732"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003052","name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10080726"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10080726"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003052","name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20000843"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20000843"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","award":["HI18C2391"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI18C2391"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To evaluate the feasibility of ZnO nanorod-based surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) diagnostics for disease models, particularly for interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome (IC\/BPS), ZnO-based SERS sensing chips were developed and applied to an animal disease model. ZnO nanorods were grown to form nano-sized porous structures and coated with gold to facilitate size-selective biomarker detection. Raman spectra were acquired on a surface enhanced Raman substrate from the urine in a rat model of IC\/BPS and analyzed using a statistical analysis method called principal component analysis (PCA). The nanorods grown after the ZnO seed deposition were 30 to 50 nm in diameter and 500 to 600 nm in length. A volume of gold corresponding to a thin film thickness of 100 nm was deposited on the grown nanorod structure. Raman spectroscopic signals were measured in the scattered region for nanometer biomarker detection to indicate IC\/BPS. The Raman peaks for the control group and IC\/BPS group are observed at 641, 683, 723, 873, 1002, 1030, and 1355 cm\u22121, which corresponded to various bonding types and compounds. The PCA results are plotted in 2D and 3D. The Raman signals and statistical analyses obtained from the nano-sized biomarkers of intractable inflammatory diseases demonstrate the possibility of an early diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano9020224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]],"date-time":"2019-02-07T11:50:33Z","timestamp":1549540233000},"page":"224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Diagnosis in a Preclinical Model of Bladder Pain Syndrome Using a Au\/ZnO Nanorod-based SERS Substrate"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4850-1886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanghwa","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9237-7440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung-Man","family":"Namgoong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hwan Yeul","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miyeon","family":"Jue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gwanho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sangmin","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong-Myung","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myung-Soo","family":"Choo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1574-9842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinmyoung","family":"Joo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6578-3099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chan-Gi","family":"Pack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0099-9681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun Ki","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1039\/C5AN01323B","article-title":"Diagnosis of early-stage esophageal cancer by Raman spectroscopy and chemometric techniques","volume":"141","author":"Ishigaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e137","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2011-5312","article-title":"Near-infrared multichannel Raman spectroscopy with a 1064-nm excitation wavelength for ex vivo diagnosis of gastric cancer","volume":"71","author":"Kikuchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2015.03.027","article-title":"Raman micro-spectroscopy for rapid screening of oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"98","author":"Carvalho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. 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