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Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), commonly referred to as exosomes, are 30\u2013150 nm lipid-bilayer vesicles that shield long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) from degradation. Because exosomal lncRNAs are more stable than free lncRNAs in blood and cerebrospinal fluid and can cross the blood\u2013brain barrier, they are promising as biomarkers and therapeutic vectors. This review summarizes the roles and mechanisms of exosomal lncRNAs in cerebrovascular diseases. Methods: This narrative review is based on the experimental literature and focuses on the biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of exosomal lncRNAs in cerebrovascular disorders. Results: As competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), they sequester microRNAs (miRNAs), thereby derepressing downstream target-gene expression and modulating neuronal injury (oxidative stress, apoptosis, neuroinflammation) through the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-\u03baB) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase\/protein kinase B (PI3K\/Akt) pathways. They show altered profiles in acute stroke (ischemic\/hemorrhagic) correlated with neurological deficits, and are relevant to the early diagnosis of chronic diseases (atherosclerosis, aneurysm) and vascular dementia. Conclusions: Exosomal lncRNAs demonstrate promising translational potential in preclinical studies because they combine exosome delivery capabilities with lncRNA regulatory functions, although clinical validation remains limited.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ncrna12050032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T10:07:53Z","timestamp":1787566073000},"page":"32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exosomal lncRNAs in Cerebrovascular Diseases: Biomarkers, Pathological Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Haiyu","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daiju","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Haiyuan College, Kunming 650106, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renhua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiarui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4285-3537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rongji","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Institute for Drug Abuse, Kunming 650228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3390-508X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4029-5435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.319949","article-title":"Cerebral Hemorrhage: Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Future Directions","volume":"130","author":"Girard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ. 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