{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T03:22:00Z","timestamp":1787628120482,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]],"date-time":"2020-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","award":["1068652"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1068652"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ncRNA"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections are common following renal transplantation and may have long-lasting effects. HCMV can be measured directly by viral DNA or indirectly via host immune responses. HCMV-encoded microRNA (miRNA) may alter the pathobiology of HCMV infections and contribute to the progression of HCMV disease. HCMV-encoded miRNAs can be detected in blood but have not been sought in saliva. We investigated saliva samples from 32 renal transplant recipients (RTR) and 12 seropositive healthy controls for whom immunological data was available. Five HCMV-encoded miRNAs (miR-UL112-5p, miR-US5-2-3p, miR-UL36, miR-US25-2-3p and miR-UL22A) were sought using primer probe assays. HCMV miRNA species were detected in saliva from 15 RTR and 3 healthy controls, with miR-US5-2-3p most commonly detected. The presence of HCMV miRNAs associated with increased T-cell responses to HCMV IE-1 in RTR, suggesting a link with frequent reactivations of HCMV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ncrna6040050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]],"date-time":"2020-12-18T11:42:09Z","timestamp":1608291729000},"page":"50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Human Cytomegalovirus-Encoded microRNAs Can Be Found in Saliva Samples from Renal Transplant Recipients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Shelley","family":"Waters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy &amp; Biomedical Science, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia"},{"name":"Biomarker Discovery Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Murdoch 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5113-8646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kylie","family":"Munyard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy &amp; Biomedical Science, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9577-3764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley","family":"Irish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Unit, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy &amp; Biomedical Science, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9580-2548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bing H.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomarker Discovery Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005025","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.005025","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus Infection and Relative Risk of Cardiovascular Disease (Ischemic Heart Disease, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Death): A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies Up to 2016","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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