{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T23:05:40Z","timestamp":1787958340947,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurology International"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose of Review: This is a comprehensive review of the literature regarding the use of paliperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. It covers the background and presentation of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, as well as the mechanism of action and drug information for paliperidone. It covers the existing evidence of the use of paliperidone for the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Recent Findings: Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder lead to significant cognitive impairment. It is thought that dopamine dysregulation is the culprit for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Similar to other second-generation antipsychotics, paliperidone has affinity for dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. Paliperidone was granted approval in the United States in 2006 to be used in the treatment of schizophrenia and in 2009 for schizoaffective disorder. Summary: Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder have a large impact on cognitive impairment, positive symptoms and negative symptoms. Patients with either of these mental illnesses suffer from impairments in everyday life. Paliperidone has been shown to reduce symptoms of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint13030035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T21:21:04Z","timestamp":1627507264000},"page":"343-358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Paliperidone to Treat Psychotic Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hormazd D.","family":"Minwalla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Wrzesinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8362-0640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison","family":"Desforges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Caskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Ingraffia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"II","given":"James C.","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7436-6206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amber N.","family":"Edinoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7224-3322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam M.","family":"Kaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2464-0187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan D.","family":"Kaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Viswanath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Phoenix Campus, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 84006, USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68124, USA"},{"name":"Valley Anesthesiology and Pain Consultants\u2014Envision Physician Services, Phoenix, AZ 84006, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3652-6085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Urits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"},{"name":"Southcoast Physicians Group Pain Medicine, Southcoast Health, Wareham, MA 02720, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12322","article-title":"Schizophrenia in 2020: Trends in diagnosis and therapy","volume":"69","author":"Gaebel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. 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