{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:38:41Z","timestamp":1760143121599,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health and Labour Sciences Research Grant on Rare and Intractable Diseases from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan","award":["JPMH22FC1013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMH22FC1013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurology International"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP) patients may have brain white matter (WM) lesions, but the association of these lesions with disease activity is poorly understood. We retrospectively evaluated the brain WM lesions of 22 HAM\/TSP patients (male 4: female 18) including 5 rapid progressors, 16 slow progressors, and 1 very slow progressor. The severity of WM brain lesions on axial Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery images was evaluated utilizing the Fazekas scale, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and proviral load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Imaging and biological data were compared at the first visit and a subsequent visit more than 4 years later. Patients with comorbidities including adult T-cell leukemia\u2013lymphoma and cerebrovascular disease were excluded. The results revealed that brain WM lesions in the rapid progressors group were more pronounced than those in slow progressors. In patients with HAM\/TSP, severe and persistent inflammation of the spinal cord may cause brain WM lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint16010013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T10:54:26Z","timestamp":1706007266000},"page":"202-209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association between Brain White Matter Lesions and Disease Activity in HAM\/TSP Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Keiko","family":"Tamaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Ouma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobutaka","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinsuke","family":"Fujioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6758-0981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshio","family":"Tsuboi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gessain, A., and Cassar, O. 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