{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T01:44:52Z","timestamp":1774057492290,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurology International"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The Improved Health Care in Neurology and Psychiatry\u2014Longer Life (IHCNP) study was an 18-month prospective, observational, non-interventional research study focused on patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) following ischemic stroke. Objectives: Our secondary analysis of the IHCNP data aimed to document the progression of MCI in this patient group. Methods: A total of 100 patients from Romania were recruited, all of whom underwent cognitive assessments using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Clinical evaluations were also conducted as part of the study. Baseline cognitive scores were recorded, and subsequent follow-ups documented cognitive changes over time. Results: At baseline, cognitive scores indicated mild impairment, with averages of MMSE 25.41, MoCA 23.27, and RAVLT 33.63. By the end of the study, patients exhibited a significant cognitive decline, with MMSE scores dropping by 8.7%, MoCA by 10.0%, and RAVLT by 29.5% (p &lt; 0.0001 for all measures), reflecting the progressive nature of MCI post-stroke. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of early diagnosis and intervention to mitigate cognitive decline in post-stroke patients. The study underscores the need for ongoing cognitive monitoring to improve patient outcomes and manage MCI progression effectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint16060118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T06:57:54Z","timestamp":1732172274000},"page":"1626-1635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evolution of Cognitive Disorders in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) After Ischemic Stroke: Secondary Data Analysis from the Improved Health Care in Neurology and Psychiatry\u2014Longer Life (IHCNP) Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7827-818X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Drago\u0219-C\u0103t\u0103lin","family":"Jianu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Division of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences-VIII, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, E. Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Advanced Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (NeuroPsy-Cog), Department of Neurosciences-VIII, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 156 L. Rebreanu Ave., 300736 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"First Department of Neurology, \u201cPius Br\u00eenzeu\u201d Emergency County Hospital, 156 L. Rebreanu Ave., 300736 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3138-3051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ligia","family":"Petrica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (NeuroPsy-Cog), Department of Neurosciences-VIII, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 156 L. Rebreanu Ave., 300736 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine II, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, E. Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, E. Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Traian Flavius","family":"Dan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Division of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences-VIII, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, E. Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Advanced Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (NeuroPsy-Cog), Department of Neurosciences-VIII, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 156 L. Rebreanu Ave., 300736 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"First Department of Neurology, \u201cPius Br\u00eenzeu\u201d Emergency County Hospital, 156 L. Rebreanu Ave., 300736 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6689-5017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgiana","family":"Munteanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Division of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences-VIII, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, E. Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Advanced Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (NeuroPsy-Cog), Department of Neurosciences-VIII, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 156 L. Rebreanu Ave., 300736 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"First Department of Neurology, \u201cPius Br\u00eenzeu\u201d Emergency County Hospital, 156 L. Rebreanu Ave., 300736 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bianca","family":"Bora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Division of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences-VIII, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, E. Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Advanced Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (NeuroPsy-Cog), Department of Neurosciences-VIII, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 156 L. Rebreanu Ave., 300736 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"First Department of Neurology, \u201cPius Br\u00eenzeu\u201d Emergency County Hospital, 156 L. Rebreanu Ave., 300736 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergiu Florin","family":"Arn\u0103utu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (NeuroPsy-Cog), Department of Neurosciences-VIII, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 156 L. Rebreanu Ave., 300736 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, E. Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9215-5154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sorin","family":"Ursoniu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (NeuroPsy-Cog), Department of Neurosciences-VIII, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 156 L. Rebreanu Ave., 300736 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, E. Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, E. Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1589-0789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Chira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RoNeuro Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostics, 37 Mircea Eliade St., 400364 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Iuliu Ha\u0163ieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes St., 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u0218tefan","family":"Strilciuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RoNeuro Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostics, 37 Mircea Eliade St., 400364 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Iuliu Ha\u0163ieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes St., 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Ha\u0163ieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 32\u201338 Gheorghe Marinescu St., 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7394-7161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Falup-Pecurariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, County Clinic Hospital, 25 Calea Bucuresti, 500365 Bra\u0219ov, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, 56 Nicolae Balcescu St., 500036 Bra\u0219ov, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dafin Fior","family":"Mure\u0219anu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RoNeuro Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostics, 37 Mircea Eliade St., 400364 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Iuliu Ha\u0163ieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes St., 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102758","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of ischemic stroke, 1990\u20132021: An analysis of data from the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"75","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strilciuc, S., Grad, D.A., Mixich, V., Stan, A., Buzoianu, A.D., Vladescu, C., and Vintan, M.A. (2021). Societal Cost of Ischemic Stroke in Romania: Results from a Retrospective County-Level Study. Brain Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11060689"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lorenzovici, L., Sz\u00e9kely, A., Csan\u00e1di, M., and Ga\u00e1l, P. (2020). Cost Assessment of Inpatient Care Episodes of Stroke in Romania. Front. Public Health, 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.605919"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104431","article-title":"Stroke Mortality Rates and Trends in Romania, 1994\u20132017","volume":"28","author":"Ioacara","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/15500594211042708","article-title":"Mild Cognitive Impairment: Diagnosis and Subtypes","volume":"54","author":"Bradfield","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. EEG Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.1.15","article-title":"Mild Cognitive Impairment Is Early-Stage Alzheimer Disease: Time to Revise Diagnostic Criteria","volume":"63","author":"Morris","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900016151","article-title":"Mild Cognitive Impairment: An Overview","volume":"13","author":"Petersen","year":"2008","journal-title":"CNS Spectrums"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-7508-8_3","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment\u2014An early stage of Alzheimer\u2019s disease?","volume":"Volume 54","author":"Gertz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease\u2014From Basic Research to Clinical Applications"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-022-00901-0","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of cognitive impairment associated with stroke","volume":"37","author":"Kaur","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.095414","article-title":"A review of screening tests for cognitive impairment","volume":"78","author":"Cullen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"1677","article-title":"Cognitive impairment and memory dysfunction after a stroke diagnosis: A post-stroke memory assessment","volume":"10","author":"Ali","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"80","article-title":"Post-stroke cognitive impairment: Epidemiology, mechanisms and management","volume":"2","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V36N4p259","article-title":"Cerebral microangiopathy in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"36","author":"Petrica","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Acad. Med. Singap."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\u2018Mini-mental state\u2019. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","article-title":"The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: A brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment","volume":"53","author":"Nasreddine","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Ray, A. (1941). L\u2019examen Psychologique dans les cas D\u2019enc\u00e9phalopathie Traumatique. (Les Problems), Semantic Scholar. Available online: https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/paper\/L%27examen-psychologique-dans-les-cas-traumatique.-Rey\/9b4fc18fdb685d670d95b00a591c3e9e5ba26366."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"StataCorp (2017). Stata Statistical Software: Release 15, StataCorp LLC."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-023-01289-4","article-title":"Prediction of post-stroke cognitive impairment after acute ischemic stroke using machine learning","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-020-00627-3","article-title":"Management of Cognitive Impairment After Stroke","volume":"22","author":"Aleyadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. Opt. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.069120","article-title":"Cognitive profile of subcortical ischaemic vascular disease","volume":"77","author":"Jokinen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000202520.68987.48","article-title":"Leisure Activities And The Risk of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment In The Elderly","volume":"66","author":"Verghese","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia, X., Wang, Z., Huang, F., Su, C., Du, W., Jiang, H., Wang, H., Wang, J., Wang, F., and Su, W. (2021). A comparison of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for mild cognitive impairment screening in Chinese middle-aged and older population: A cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry, 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03495-6"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"CD010783","article-title":"Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for the early detection of dementia in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)","volume":"2021","author":"Smailagic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.4236\/nm.2010.12006","article-title":"Comparison of the Folstein Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) as a Cognitive Screening Tool in an Inpatient Rehabilitation Setting","volume":"1","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1080\/0361073X.2021.1898182","article-title":"Can the RAVLT predict deterioration from MCI to dementia? Data from long term follow up","volume":"47","author":"Dawidowicz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Aging Res."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Kargar, M., and Mohammadi, A. (2021). Auditory verbal learning disabilities in patients with mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A clinical study. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1159\/000506879","article-title":"The Hamilton Rating Scales for Depression: A Critical Review of Clinimetric Properties of Different Versions","volume":"89","author":"Carrozzino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychother. Psychosom."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michalos, A.C. (2014). Barthel Index. Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-0753-5"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Po\u017carowszczyk, N., Kurkowska-Jastrz\u0119bska, I., Sarzy\u0144ska-D\u0142ugosz, I., Nowak, M., and Karli\u0144ski, M. (2023). Reliability of the modified Rankin Scale in clinical practice of stroke units and rehabilitation wards. Front. Neurol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1064642"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.11.2412-a","article-title":"The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): Current version and scoring rules","volume":"43","author":"Morris","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Mayo, A.M. (2016). Use of the Functional Activities Questionnaire in Older Adults with Dementia, Alzheimer\u2019s Association."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"28","article-title":"The Clinical Global Impressions Scale: Applying a Research Tool in Clinical Practice","volume":"4","author":"Busner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.531681","article-title":"World Stroke Day 2008","volume":"39","author":"Hachinski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/alzrt4","article-title":"Beyond mild cognitive impairment: Vascular cognitive impairment, no dementia (VCIND)","volume":"1","author":"Stephan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527320666210208125524","article-title":"Effectiveness and Safety Profile of Ginkgo biloba Standardized Extract (EGb761\u00ae) in Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment","volume":"20","author":"Prada","year":"2021","journal-title":"CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04707-9","article-title":"Effects of N-Pep-12 dietary supplementation on neurorecovery after ischemic stroke","volume":"42","author":"Balea","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4511","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05115-3","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction in young subjects with periodontal disease","volume":"42","author":"Hategan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70236-4","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence, and factors associated with pre-stroke and post-stroke dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Pendlebury","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0b013e3182299496","article-title":"Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia","volume":"42","author":"Gorelick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stroke"}],"container-title":["Neurology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2035-8377\/16\/6\/118\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:36:35Z","timestamp":1760114195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2035-8377\/16\/6\/118"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["neurolint16060118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/neurolint16060118","relation":{},"ISSN":["2035-8377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2035-8377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]}}}