{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T10:21:06Z","timestamp":1768904466244,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI","award":["JP24K18825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24K18825"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurology International"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: A subtype of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), iatrogenic CAA (iCAA), has been increasingly reported. iCAA occurs primarily in patients who underwent surgery during childhood and is caused by the prion-like propagation of amyloid beta. This subtype of CAA tends to develop at a younger age than age-related CAA, usually before the age of 55. After a latency period of 20\u201340 years following surgery, it manifests as lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), cognitive impairment, or transient focal neurological episodes. Between 2023 and 2024, we observed four cases of possible iCAA, all of which had a history of neurosurgery during childhood. Case presentation: MRI findings for all cases revealed multiple lobar microbleeds. Two cases also showed cortical superficial siderosis and lobar ICH. Notably, contrast-enhanced 3D FLAIR demonstrated sulcal enhancement in two cases, and CT demonstrated cortical calcification in the bilateral posterior lobes in one case. Conclusions: Sulcal enhancement on contrast-enhanced 3D FLAIR and cortical calcification in the bilateral posterior lobes on CT may suggest advanced CAA in the present cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint17050064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:04:50Z","timestamp":1745467490000},"page":"64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Iatrogenic Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy After Childhood Brain Surgery: Novel Findings of MRI and CT"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9582-3699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fumine","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maki","family":"Umino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4289-2070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megumi","family":"Matsukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9023-5107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seiya","family":"Kishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Matsusaka Chuo General Hospital, Matsusaka 515-0818, Mie, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1129-8928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryota","family":"Kogue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norikazu","family":"Kawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Matsusaka Chuo General Hospital, Matsusaka 515-0818, Mie, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Kagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Suzuka Kaisei Hospital, Suzuka 513-0836, Mie, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takaya","family":"Utsunomiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Kajikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidehiro","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuichiro","family":"Ii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroimaging and Pathophysiology, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1006-4943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akihiro","family":"Shindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"Sakuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6532-399X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masayuki","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-328792","article-title":"Iatrogenic cerebral amyloid angiopathy: An emerging clinical phenomenon","volume":"93","author":"Banerjee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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