{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:35:23Z","timestamp":1760060123322,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health","award":["GR-2018\u201312367178","101080309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR-2018\u201312367178","101080309"]}]},{"name":"TBVAC-HORIZON, funded by the European Union\u2019s HORIZON program","award":["GR-2018\u201312367178","101080309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR-2018\u201312367178","101080309"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurology International"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) slightly increase the risk of tuberculosis (TB) disease. The QuantiFERON-TB-Plus (QFT-Plus) test is approved for TB infection (TBI) screening. Currently, there are no data available regarding the characterization of QFT-Plus response in patients with MS. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the magnitude of QFT-Plus responses between patients with MS and TBI (MS-TBI) and TBI subjects without MS (NON-MS-TBI). Additionally, discordant responses to TB1\/TB2 stimulation were documented. Results were evaluated considering demographic and clinical data, particularly the impact of DMDs and the type of TB exposure. Methods: Patients with MS (N = 810) were screened for TBI (2018\u20132023). Thirty (3.7%) had an MS-TBI diagnosis, and 20 were recruited for the study. As a control group, we enrolled 106 NON-MS-TBI. Results: MS-TBI showed significantly lower IFN-\u03b3 production in response to TB1 (p = 0.01) and TB2 stimulation (p = 0.02) compared to NON-MS-TBI. The 30% of TB2 results of MS-TBI fell into the QFT-Plus grey zone (0.2\u20130.7 IU\/mL). Only 7% of NON-MS-TBI showed this profile (p = 0.002). Conclusions: MS-TBI had a lower QFT-Plus response and more borderline results compared to NON-MS-TBI. Future studies should clarify the significance of the borderline results in this vulnerable population to improve QFT-Plus accuracy regarding sensitivity, specificity, and TB prediction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint17080119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T09:41:17Z","timestamp":1754300477000},"page":"119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterization of QuantiFERON-TB-Plus Results in Patients with Tuberculosis Infection and Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Elisa","family":"Petruccioli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3237-6267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Prosperini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Ruggieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Vanini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Unit\u00e0 Operativa Semplice (UOS) Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Salmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilda","family":"Cuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simonetta","family":"Galgani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5569-4121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shalom","family":"Haggiag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9037-7300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Tortorella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Parisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Virology, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfio","family":"D\u2019Agostino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Virology, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gina","family":"Gualano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8184-6291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Palmieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Gasperini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8360-4376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delia","family":"Goletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2024). 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