{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:36:29Z","timestamp":1760060189155,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Christos Liapis Foundation","award":["1a\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1a\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurology International"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Several strategies have been described for stroke prevention, and the most commonly used medication is aspirin. Cilostazol, which is a substance with a pleiotropic effect, is still not well investigated. In this study, we aimed to delineate the effects of mono- and combinatorial pre-treatment upon neurological status and biomarkers, namely protein S100b, GFAP, procalcitonin, and galectin-3, following stroke. Methods: Twelve-week-old Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups, each containing six rats: control group (normal saline), cilostazol group (30 mg\/kg\/daily), aspirin group (10 mg\/kg\/daily), and aspirin\/cilostazol group. Each substance was administered by gavage for four weeks. All animals were subjected to cerebral ischemia for 2 h using intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion. A neurological examination was performed, serum concentrations of biomarkers were determined, and the animals were then sacrificed. Results: All treatment groups exhibited variations in the severity of immediate neurological presentation. Unlike the control group, where all rats presented with severe focal neurology or mortality, most rats in the treatment groups displayed no to moderate focal neurology. Moreover, the aspirin\/cilostazol group consistently exhibited significantly lower levels in the studied biomarkers compared to other groups. Conclusions: Co-administration of cilostazol and aspirin significantly ameliorates the immediate expression of the studied biomarkers. Further large-scale studies are needed to investigate the effect of combined therapy for primary and secondary prevention of stroke, using not only serum biomarkers but other specific clinical and laboratory endpoints.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint17080126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T08:10:32Z","timestamp":1754899832000},"page":"126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Cilostazol in the Expression of Biomarkers and Neurological Outcome Following Experimentally Induced Cerebrovascular Accident\u2014Experimental Protocol"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7260-9534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christiana","family":"Anastasiadou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, \u201cGeorge Papanikolaou\u201d General Hospital of Thessaloniki, 57010 Exochi, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4470-5267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stavroula","family":"Kastora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EGA Institute for Women\u2019s Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7637-8152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alkistis","family":"Kapelouzou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9467-3220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasios","family":"Papapetrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, \u201cKAT\u201d General Hospital of Athens, 14561 Kifisia, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelos","family":"Megalopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, \u201cGeorge Papanikolaou\u201d General Hospital of Thessaloniki, 57010 Exochi, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4787-5106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Kostomitsopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5861-8589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Efthymios","family":"Paronis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6387-3907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Lazaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, \u201cAttikon\u201d University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Geroulakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, \u201cAttikon\u201d University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Liapis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, \u201cAttikon\u201d University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Saratzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, \u201cG. Papageorgiou\u201d University Hospital of Thessaloniki, 56429 Pavlos Melas, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Kakisis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, \u201cAttikon\u201d University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e364","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000375","article-title":"2021 Guideline for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Guideline From the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"52","author":"Kleindorfer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"e635","article-title":"Cilostazol for Secondary Stroke Prevention: History, Evidence, Limitations, and Possibilities","volume":"52","author":"Sheth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barba, L., Vollmuth, C., Abu-Rumeileh, S., Halbgebauer, S., Oeckl, P., Steinacker, P., Kollikowski, A.M., Schultz, C., Wolf, J., and Pham, M. 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