{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T02:44:47Z","timestamp":1793501087082,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Open Access Publishing Fund of Philipps Universit\u00e4t Marburg"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurology International"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Urinary continence relies on a complex interplay between urine storage and voiding involving both spinal reflex circuits and supraspinal brain areas to coordinate volun-tary control over emptying. Despite a vast number of studies on the pathophysiology of neurogenic bladder and urge incontinence, less is known about the central correlates of bladder filling. Methods: An ALE (activation likelihood estimation) meta-analysis including a total count of 14 studies investigating 243 participants under different conditions of bladder filling during functional neuroimaging was performed to demonstrate the neuroanatomical correlates of bladder filling. The literature search and reporting were conducted according to the PRISMA-P 2020 guideline. Data analysis was performed using the GingerAle software version 3.0.2 and was displayed with the Mango software 4.1 on an anatomical MNI template. Results: Synthesizing studies on the functional neuroanatomy of urine storage, bihemispheric clusters of activation in the thalamus, the insula and the cingulate were observed. Conclusion: The present ALE meta-analysis indicates that the supraspinal representation of urine storage involves areas of autonomous\u2013homeostatic processing which allow for the perception of the usually unconscious inner state of bladder filling and enable postponing and voluntary voiding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint17100156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T14:16:29Z","timestamp":1759241789000},"page":"156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Neuroanatomical Correlates of Bladder Filling: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis of Functional Neuroimaging Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Christoph","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Lahn-Dill-Kliniken, 35578 Wetzlar, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Kaufmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurourology, Swiss Paraplegic Center, 6207 Nottwil, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Groat, W.C. (2007). Central neural control of the lower urinary tract. Ciba Foundation Symposium 151-Neurobiology of Incontinence: Neurobiology of Incontinence: Ciba Foundation Symposium 151 Sep 28, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470513941.ch3"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.07.029","article-title":"The prevalence of urinary incontinence among community dwelling men: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination survey","volume":"176","author":"Anger","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-200411006-00006","article-title":"Urinary incontinence in men: Current status and future directions","volume":"53","author":"Moore","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nurs. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.281.6250.1243","article-title":"Prevalence of urinary incontinence","volume":"281","author":"Thomas","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2018.1543263","article-title":"The prevalence of urinary incontinence","volume":"22","author":"Milsom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(77)90297-7","article-title":"Integral storage and voiding reflexes. Neurophysiologic concept of continence and micturition","volume":"9","author":"Mahony","year":"1977","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12060968","article-title":"Neurogenic bladder physiology, pathogenesis, and management after spinal cord injury","volume":"12","author":"Perez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pers. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.1930070502","article-title":"Standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract function","volume":"7","author":"Abrams","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dorsher, P.T., and McIntosh, P.M. (2012). Neurogenic bladder. Adv. Urol., 1\u201316.","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/816274"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.2.524","article-title":"Stroke and incontinence","volume":"29","author":"Brittain","year":"1998","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"1295","article-title":"Urinary incontinence, incident parkinsonism, and Parkinson\u2019s disease pathology in older adults","volume":"72","author":"Buchman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. A Biomed. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.2012.16.2.86","article-title":"Prevalence of stress urinary incontinence in women with multiple sclerosis","volume":"16","author":"Murphy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Neurourol. J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.10.007","article-title":"The emerging science of interoception: Sensing, integrating, interpreting, and regulating signals within the self","volume":"44","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1124\/mi.8.5.9","article-title":"Inside information-The unique features of visceral sensation","volume":"8","author":"Robinson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Interv."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.25.032502.111311","article-title":"The central autonomic nervous system: Conscious visceral perception and autonomic pattern generation","volume":"25","author":"Saper","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2907","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20718","article-title":"Coordinate-based activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of neuroimaging data: A random-effects approach based on empirical estimates of spatial uncertainty","volume":"30","author":"Eickhoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.09.017","article-title":"Activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis revisited","volume":"59","author":"Eickhoff","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21186","article-title":"Minimizing within-experiment and within-group effects in activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses","volume":"33","author":"Turkeltaub","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000177450.34451.97","article-title":"Brain control of normal and overactive bladder","volume":"174","author":"Griffiths","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.08.027","article-title":"An fMRI study of the role of suprapontine brain structures in the voluntary voiding control induced by pelvic floor contraction","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.03.006","article-title":"Brain activation in response to bladder filling and simultaneous stimulation of the dorsal clitoral nerve\u2014An fMRI study in healthy women","volume":"41","author":"Mehnert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.04.087","article-title":"Cerebral control of the lower urinary tract: How age-related changes might predispose to urge incontinence","volume":"47","author":"Griffiths","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22458","article-title":"Examining mechanisms of brain control of bladder function with resting state functional connectivity MRI","volume":"33","author":"Nardos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.12211","article-title":"Brain activity during bladder filling and pelvic floor muscle contractions: A study using functional magnetic resonance imaging and synchronous urodynamics","volume":"21","author":"Krhut","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-015-0978-0","article-title":"A resting-state functional MRI study on central control of storage: Brain response provoked by strong desire to void","volume":"47","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Urol. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13655","article-title":"A novel infusion-drainage device to assess lower urinary tract function in neuro-imaging","volume":"119","author":"Leitner","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.02.031","article-title":"Reliability of supraspinal correlates to lower urinary tract stimulation in healthy participants\u2013a fMRI study","volume":"191","author":"Walter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-020-02742-1","article-title":"Responses of functional brain networks to bladder control in healthy adults: A study using regional homogeneity combined with independent component analysis methods","volume":"53","author":"Pang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Urol. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.11.2033","article-title":"Brain activation during micturition in women","volume":"121","author":"Blok","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain A J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000181806.59363.d1","article-title":"Changes in brain activity following sacral neuromodulation for urinary retention","volume":"174","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21070","article-title":"The supraspinal neural correlate of bladder cold sensation\u2014An fMRI study","volume":"32","author":"Mehnert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"1093","article-title":"Cerebral activation during withholding urine with full bladder in healthy men using 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT","volume":"47","author":"Yin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3950","article-title":"Interoceptive predictions in the brain","volume":"16","author":"Barrett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"95","article-title":"Pharmacology of the lower urinary tract","volume":"24","author":"Andersson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Textb. Neurogenic Bladder"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-445X.1999.tb00078.x","article-title":"The activation of bladder wall afferent nerves","volume":"84","author":"Morrison","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1540\/jsmr.41.117","article-title":"Central nervous control of micturition and urine storage","volume":"41","author":"Sugaya","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Smooth Muscle Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2401","article-title":"The neural control of micturition","volume":"9","author":"Fowler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schellino, R., Boido, M., and Vercelli, A. (2020). The dual nature of Onuf\u2019s nucleus: Neuroanatomical features and peculiarities, in health and disease. Front. Neuroanat., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2020.572013"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1080\/003655902320765926","article-title":"The pontine micturition centres","volume":"36","author":"Griffiths","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Rahman, M., and Siddick, A. (2021). Neuroanatomy, Pontine Micturition Center. StatPearls [Internet], StatPearls Publishing. Updated 9 September 2021."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00038.2003","article-title":"Urinary bladder contraction and relaxation: Physiology and pathophysiology","volume":"84","author":"Andersson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Kendroud, S., Fitzgerald, L.A., Murray, I.V., and Hanna, A. (2025, April 10). Physiology, Nociceptive Pathways, StatPearls, Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK470255\/."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grodd, W., Kumar, V.J., Sch\u00fcz, A., Lindig, T., and Scheffler, K. (2020). The anterior and medial thalamic nuclei and the human limbic system: Tracing the structural connectivity using diffusion-weighted imaging. Sci. Rep., 10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67770-4"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(03)00090-4","article-title":"Interoception: The sense of the physiological condition of the body","volume":"13","author":"Craig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ceunen, E., Vlaeyen, J.W.S., and Van Diest, I. (2016). On the origin of interoception. Front. Psychol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00743"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3001","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-019-01945-2","article-title":"The cingulate cortex and limbic systems for emotion, action, and memory","volume":"224","author":"Rolls","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1996.0125","article-title":"The somatic marker hypothesis and the possible functions of the prefrontal cortex","volume":"351","author":"Damasio","year":"1996","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-010-0296-3","article-title":"Functional neuroanatomy of the insular lobe","volume":"216","author":"Stephani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000377","article-title":"Structure and function of the human insula","volume":"34","author":"Uddin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-4388(94)90066-3","article-title":"\u2018What\u2019 and \u2018where\u2019 in the human brain","volume":"4","author":"Ungerleider","year":"1994","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl004","article-title":"The precuneus: A review of its functional anatomy and behavioural correlates","volume":"129","author":"Cavanna","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nieuwenhuys, R., Voogd, J., and van Huijzen, C. (2008). Telencephalon: Hippocampus and related structures. The Human Central Nervous System, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-34686-9"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.02.008","article-title":"Visceral influences on brain and behavior","volume":"77","author":"Critchley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s00422-010-0364-z","article-title":"Action and behavior: A free-energy formulation","volume":"102","author":"Friston","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Cybern."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn894","article-title":"How do you feel? Interoception: The sense of the physiological condition of the body","volume":"3","author":"Craig","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2015.09.001","article-title":"Active inference, homeostatic regulation and adaptive behavioural control","volume":"134","author":"Pezzulo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/118.1.279","article-title":"Contributions of anterior cingulate cortex to behaviour","volume":"118","author":"Devinsky","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.04.061","article-title":"Cerebral control of the bladder in normal and urge-incontinent women","volume":"37","author":"Griffiths","year":"2007","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20549","article-title":"Bladder control, urgency, and urge incontinence: Evidence from functional brain imaging","volume":"27","author":"Griffiths","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn. Off. J. Int. Cont. Soc."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2015.03.102","article-title":"Brain mechanisms underlying urge incontinence and its response to pelvic floor muscle training","volume":"194","author":"Griffiths","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(97)00187-3","article-title":"Clinical studies of cerebral and urinary tract function in elderly people with urinary incontinence","volume":"92","author":"Griffiths","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.37.4.431","article-title":"Micturition symptoms in frontal tumours","volume":"37","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00314111","article-title":"Frequency and urgency of micturition in hemiplegic patients: Relationship to hemisphere laterality of lesions","volume":"234","author":"Kuroiwa","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24642","article-title":"Human cerebral circuitry related to cardiac control: A neuroimaging meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Shoemaker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20870","article-title":"Fourth International Consultation on Incontinence Recommendations of the International Scientific Committee: Evaluation and treatment of urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and fecal incontinence","volume":"29","author":"Abrams","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.4103\/UROS.UROS_82_18","article-title":"Stroke and lower urinary tract symptoms: A neurosurgical view","volume":"30","author":"Chou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Urol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"8265","article-title":"A review of post-stroke urinary incontinence","volume":"23","author":"Tuong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can. J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2018.03.129","article-title":"Specific Changes in Brain Activity during Urgency in Women with Overactive Bladder after Successful Sacral Neuromodulation: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study","volume":"200","author":"Weissbart","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01461.x","article-title":"Effect of biofeedback on psychological burden and symptoms in older women with urge urinary incontinence","volume":"55","author":"Tadic","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2019.08.020","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation and bladder function: A systematic review","volume":"130","author":"Nardone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(99)01329-7","article-title":"Spatial and temporal limits in cognitive neuroimaging with fMRI","volume":"3","author":"Menon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"611","article-title":"Brain SPECT in neurology and psychiatry","volume":"42","author":"Camargo","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."}],"container-title":["Neurology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2035-8377\/17\/10\/156\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T06:37:47Z","timestamp":1760423867000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2035-8377\/17\/10\/156"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["neurolint17100156"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/neurolint17100156","relation":{},"ISSN":["2035-8377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2035-8377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]}}}